{"id":8971,"date":"2024-03-29T11:21:57","date_gmt":"2024-03-29T11:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=8971"},"modified":"2024-03-29T11:22:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T11:22:01","slug":"chapter-19-managing-a-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/","title":{"rendered":"CHAPTER 19 \u2014 Managing a Project"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f4e83b8573c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f4e83b8573c\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Concept_before_modeling\" >Concept before modeling<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Drawing_by_hand\" >Drawing by hand<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Notes_to_yourself\" >Notes to yourself<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Prototype_modeling\" >Prototype modeling<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Orthographic_drawing\" >Orthographic drawing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#What_about_photographs\" >What about photographs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Organizing_the_model\" >Organizing the model<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Assign_names_to_everything\" >Assign names to everything<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Model_with_assigned_names\" >Model with assigned names<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Digital_Discipline\" >Digital Discipline<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Project_folder\" >Project folder<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Grouping_and_referencing\" >Grouping and referencing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#Historical_state_saving\" >Historical state saving<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/#3-2-1_backup_rule\" >3-2-1 backup rule<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\"><em>9-minute read<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"694\" data-attachment-id=\"30\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/paralleluniverses_01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" data-orig-size=\"694,694\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"parallelUniverses_01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png?resize=694%2C694&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png 694w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Before diving into a project, it&#8217;s good to ascertain the general startup workflow that will manage any modeling effort. Limiting yourself to working &#8220;in the box&#8221; or without identifying objects you make beforehand will cause you to quickly lose control of your project. I find the following preparatory steps are quite helpful in maintaining order in a project. This makes the work go faster and more smoothly while allowing you to concentrate on your work, rather than wasting time fishing in the software or fixing unnecessary bugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concept_before_modeling\"><\/span>Concept before modeling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drawing_by_hand\"><\/span>Drawing by hand<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>The magic mystery of drawing ability seems to be, in part at least, an ability to make a shift in brain state to a different mode of seeing\/perceiving. When you see in the special way in which experienced artists see, then you can draw\u2026 Drawing is not very difficult. <strong>Seeing<\/strong> is the problem, or, to be more specific, shifting to a particular way of seeing.<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>\u2014 Betty Edwards<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Draw sketches.&nbsp;<\/strong>Digital modeling is hard. But no amount of virtuoso modeling can make up for a lack of a good concept. Even if it&#8217;s very crude, having some visual idea of what you want to create is not just useful, it&#8217;s essential. You can&nbsp;<em>always<\/em>&nbsp;tell a project that was conceived &#8220;in the box,&#8221; and trust me: that is not a good thing. Use a pen or pencil, sketchbook, journal, or a tablet app like Penultimate. The important thing is to get the <strong>hand<\/strong> involved. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not mere romanticism of the &#8220;hand of the artist&#8221; or an argument for its authenticity. There is no undo command, re-sizing, or flipping on paper, so the artist must pay more attention to the task, which helps with the <strong>seeing<\/strong> part Betty Edwards emphasizes. It eventually leads to fewer mistakes and working more efficiently. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I am struck by students who think digital work ought to be easier than traditional media \u2014 as if the computer will <em><strong>see<\/strong><\/em> for them! I emphasize that drawing is a difficult skill to acquire, but it can be learned. Computers are also hard to handle, but can also be learned. What sometimes makes a digital media class so difficult is that an artist is trying to do <strong>both at once<\/strong>. Software almost always overwhelms the task of learning to see through drawing. I find my best students are the ones who take the time to learn to see through drawing <em><strong>before<\/strong><\/em> they wrestle with balky software. If your foundation is laid with paper and clay, then transitioning to digital modeling means just understanding the software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notes_to_yourself\"><\/span>Notes to yourself<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>But really, the trouble is most people get hung up on an \u201cI-can\u2019t-draw\u201d jag while sketching when the quality of craft in that arena isn&#8217;t even the point! Remember the goal: your sketches are personal notes <strong>to yourself<\/strong>. They do not have the same agenda as a finished piece of work. They can be random, even ugly. The simple point is to make notes for yourself!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"653\" height=\"800\" data-attachment-id=\"8976\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_002\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_002.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"653,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_002\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_002.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_002.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_002.jpg 653w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_002-245x300.jpg 245w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_002-300x368.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&nbsp;<em>In this student project, the sketch preceded the idea for an animation. The author just had this very interesting visual concept he jotted down in his sketchbook. When the time came to generate a concept for a new project, he had this, and several dozen other, ideas <strong>already<\/strong> in his back pocket. Sketching allows you to avoid &#8220;animator&#8217;s block.&#8221;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/56001488?h=a157acf2c2&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0&#038;portrait=0\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Observe how the sketch translates into a final video, the first animation project for this student. From a studio by the author<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prototype_modeling\"><\/span>Prototype modeling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>The sculptor Alexander Calder, famous for inventing kinetic mobile sculptures, was also famous for his chaotic studio. Here, he would fashion models out of bits of wire, sheets of recycled soft metal cut with tin snips, or cotton balls. He&#8217;d quickly reach for a vast range of improvised scraps, paint, glue, or whatever he had on hand to try something out. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8978\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/160218120641-alexander-calder-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/160218120641-alexander-calder-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"[]\" data-image-title=\"160218120641-alexander-calder-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/160218120641-alexander-calder-2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/160218120641-alexander-calder-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8978\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Calder in his studio<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Out of this glorious chaos would emerge ideas that would  later be fabricated at a larger scale, often with a team. Calder asked Paul Matisse, grandson of the painter Henri Matisse and an artist who fabricated large-scale installations of his own, to assist with the final version of a mobile installed in the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. The original prototype was a little over two feet long and constructed of wire, aluminum sheets, and paint. Paul&#8217;s final fabrication is 76 feet long, scaled by a factor of 3400%!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"588\" height=\"428\" data-attachment-id=\"8979\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"588,428\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640.jpg 588w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1cb06e12-58ae-44cc-a6f1-4bfe2e4e1cb2__640-300x218.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Alexander Calder, model for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nga.gov\/collection\/art-object-page.55697.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">East Building Mobile<\/a><\/strong>, 1972<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"745\" data-attachment-id=\"8980\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/caldermobile\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2500,1819\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;HP Scanjet 7650&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"CalderMobile\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile-1024x745.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile-1024x745.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8980\" style=\"width:416px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile-1024x745.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile-768x559.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CalderMobile-1536x1118.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Calder, with Paul Matisse, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulmatisse.com\/calder-mobile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">East Building Mobile<\/a><\/strong>, 1977<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>When we are making a model, it really facilitates the process to create low-fidelity physical prototypes out of inexpensive, quick-to-assemble materials. You may feel tempted to skip this when a model has a deadline, but experience teaches otherwise. The prototyping process can inform the modeling process in unexpected and useful ways. In the campus maker space I run, we keep several simple materials on hand for student modelers to prototype with. Keep a kit of paper, pens, cardboard, wire, sticks, and other recycled materials on hand to test an idea before modeling. Taking the time will save time later!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"8981\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/plain-prototyping-colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of.png\" data-orig-size=\"850,634\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8981\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of.png 850w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Plain-Prototyping-Colourless-materials-help-focusing-on-the-form-and-functionality-of-768x573.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orthographic_drawing\"><\/span>Orthographic drawing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"629\" data-attachment-id=\"8984\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_004\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_004.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,629\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ScanJet 7400&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1327595695&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_004\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_004.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_004.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8984\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_004.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_004-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_004-768x483.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Graph paper allows the modeler to properly align elements in these orthographic images. From a studio by the author.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"629\" data-attachment-id=\"8985\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_003\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_003.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,629\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_003\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_003.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_003.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_003.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_003-300x189.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_003-768x483.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The final model, prior to adding material, changes a bit to accomodate rigging geometry.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Always draw, create, or find reference images. Recall orthographic drawings are parallel projection drawings. They function as working drawings akin to fa\u00e7ade or elevation drawings in architecture. Typically, only two views \u2014 a front and side, top and side, or top and front \u2014 are necessary for most objects. However, multiple views may become necessary in more complex objects. Be careful and precise with these drawings \u2014\u00a0these are higher resolution prototypes! Make sure that proportions and dimensions are correct and that features of the model will coordinate with each other spatially \u2014 that is, a nose or eye should be the same size and located at the same height in a front and side view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"8987\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/girdzzly-prints\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints.webp\" data-orig-size=\"1200,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"girdzzly-prints\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints-1024x576.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8987\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/girdzzly-prints.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>Graph tracing paper is particularly helpful with such spatial coordination if you are drawing on paper. Save a trip to the store: go to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.printfreegraphpaper.com\/\"><strong>Print Free Graph Paper<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and create your own. The drawings can be scanned and imported as image planes in the model.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>You can use a vector program like Illustrator, exporting the image as a bitmap file. Or you can use a tablet app with a graph paper background and export the page as an image. Or you could try an online editor like Google Drawing. But sometimes the electronics are more of a bother.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"341\" height=\"493\" data-attachment-id=\"8986\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/il_570xn-1415887098_iokq\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/il_570xN.1415887098_iokq.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"341,493\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"il_570xN.1415887098_iokq\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/il_570xN.1415887098_iokq.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/il_570xN.1415887098_iokq.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8986\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/il_570xN.1415887098_iokq.jpeg 341w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/il_570xN.1415887098_iokq-208x300.jpeg 208w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/il_570xN.1415887098_iokq-300x434.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Import reference drawings to image planes.<\/strong>&nbsp;Most modeling software will allow the user to set up camera-based image planes. These are helpful because they don&#8217;t select and move like objects, and can be turned on or off as needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_about_photographs\"><\/span>What about photographs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"760\" data-attachment-id=\"8988\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"760,760\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8988\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760.jpg 760w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/01_food_pineapple_3dscan_760-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pineapple from <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.3d.sk\/\">3D.sk<\/a><\/strong> provides an image reference, and also 3D scans or models \u2014 for a price.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>It is difficult to use photographs or existing visualizations as reference images. However, from time to time you can find sources that provide images that are essentially orthographic. Sites like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.3d.sk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>3D.sk<\/strong><\/a> provide high-resolution reference images created from photographs. And some objects, in particular architecture and industrial objects, can be found orthographically illustrated. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organizing_the_model\"><\/span>Organizing the model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assign_names_to_everything\"><\/span>Assign names to everything<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>List\u00a0<strong>every individual object<\/strong>\u00a0in your modeling scene, giving each thing or character a specific, unique, memorable, and succinct name. On sketches and reference drawings, write down the names of your objects beside their images. Do this on prototype objects as well. For complex objects like vehicles or human figures, we want to name the object (auto, james) and elements or sub-assemblies of the object (autoLeftFrontTire, jamesRightArm). In a team-oriented project, everyone needs to agree on a naming convention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong><em>Object<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong><em>Bad Name<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong><em>Good<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong><em>Better<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong><em>Best<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" data-attachment-id=\"8990\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_t01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t01.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1373311577&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_t01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t01.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8990\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t01.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t01.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t01-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t01-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;Hand!&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;hand<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;leftHand<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;johnLeftHand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" data-attachment-id=\"8991\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_t02\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t02.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1373311307&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_t02\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t02.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8991\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t02.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t02.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t02-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t02-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;Leg&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;leg<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;tableLeg<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;kitTableLeg01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" data-attachment-id=\"8992\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_t03\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t03.png\" data-orig-size=\"301,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_t03\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t03.png\" class=\"wp-image-8992\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t03.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t03.png 301w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t03-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t03-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;Light @ office&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;spotlight<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;officeSpot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;officeSpot024<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" data-attachment-id=\"8993\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/ch19_t04\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t04.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1373311493&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ch19_t04\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t04.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-8993\" style=\"width: 100px;\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t04.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t04.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t04-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/ch19_t04-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;WOOD&nbsp;<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;oak<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;redOak<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">&nbsp;redOak02<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>It is worth the time up front to make rich, descriptive but not over-long names for objects and materials in your scene. Bad naming conventions make it difficult to distinguish part of a character from part of an object (does that <strong>leg<\/strong> belong to John or the kitchen table?). When working in teams, find a group consensus about names, especially if they use abbreviations (like the word <strong>kit<\/strong> for<strong> kitchen<\/strong> or<strong> spot<\/strong> for<strong> spotlight<\/strong>). In the case of material, the better name might NOT include a character or object association, because you may wish to apply the same material to several geometries.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Model_with_assigned_names\"><\/span>Model with assigned names<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When you model,\u00a0<em>always\u00a0<\/em>name your scene objects, using the same names that you have on your rough sketches and reference images described above. Names can usually be created in the software. For example, in Maya, at the top of the\u00a0<em>Channel Box,<\/em>\u00a0as you create objects or primitives, there is a field where you can name them. Avoid spaces and starting names with capital letters. For example, you might name something\u00a0<em>Living Room Sofa<\/em>\u00a0on your sketch. Instead, this should be <em>livingRoomSofa<\/em>. Note the convention known as\u00a0<strong><em>camelBacking<\/em><\/strong> or <strong>camel case<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digital_Discipline\"><\/span>Digital Discipline<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>No app is an island. Most digital artworks are created using a principle authoring software backed up by several others. An animation might need Maya or 3DMax as a modeler, but more than likely requires Photoshop for bitmaps, Illustrator for vector art, Premier for video compilation, Audacity for audio, AfterEffects for special video effects and titles \u2014 and this doesn&#8217;t even cover web design applications for portfolios or cloud apps for blogging presentations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inserting an orthographic image into a model as a reference does not mean the data from the image is included in the model file. The image instead gets linked to the image file through a process called <strong>external referencing<\/strong>. Seeing the image in the model file is a bit like seeing a show on your TV: the television does not display the show unless tuned to the proper channel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we work with externally referenced files, we save the files in the same location as the model file \u2014 the project folder \u2014 to keep them properly linked. When we move the project, we move it as a folder, not as individual files. This way, files will not lose their references when transferring files between computers, collaborators, or clients.&nbsp;When we work with referenced files, we can edit them and they automatically update in the master file or scene. This is a huge advantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Project_folder\"><\/span>Project folder<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Create a&nbsp;<em>New Project<\/em>.<\/strong>&nbsp;Open the software and&nbsp;immediately&nbsp;create a New Project, not just a new file. Give the project folder a rich, descriptive name (not a number), using good file naming conventions. Good file naming includes: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>avoiding capitals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>using an underscore in place of a blank space<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>avoiding special characters like % or #<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>avoiding generic, forgettable filenames. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A bad name:\u00a0<em><strong>My Project #6!.obj<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0will not be readable on some platforms, is hard to reference if you don\u2019t remember the capitals when typing, and in six months you won\u2019t remember which of a dozen \u201cMy Projects\u201d number 6 actually is! Better name:\u00a0<strong><em>20<\/em>2<em>3_cromar_stonehenge<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>.obj<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0 tells a little story: it lets me know when the file was made, that I made the file, and what it\u2019s all about.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grouping_and_referencing\"><\/span>Grouping and referencing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider sorting your objects in groups (by naming or grouping functions) or layers\u00a0in complex scenes. For scenes that are fully fleshed out, create an individual scene for each object and reference them to a master scene, all contained in one project folder. This will speed up your workflow, and if you are working on a team project it&#8217;s a hyper-essential step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_state_saving\"><\/span>Historical state saving<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Save your work at clear stages of completion, as historical states.<\/strong>\u00a0Save early and often. Some modeling software has preferences for setting up autosave and auto-backup, and these should be used wherever possible. When doing something radically new to a file, <strong>duplicate<\/strong> the file and open the <strong>copy<\/strong> to continue working. Keep this <strong>historical state<\/strong> of the project in case you don&#8217;t like the direction a project is going. This will save you the heartache of starting over from zero!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-2-1_backup_rule\"><\/span>3-2-1 backup rule<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When you back up work, save it to three places: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>your hard drive (or a networked drive in a network computing environment like most schools or offices provide) &#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>an external hard drive, and &#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a cloud computing service. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if you lose two drives, you still have the third as a fail-safe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>9-minute read Before diving into a project, it&#8217;s good to ascertain the general startup workflow that will manage any modeling effort. Limiting yourself to working &#8220;in the box&#8221; or without identifying objects you make beforehand will cause you to quickly lose control of your project. I find the following preparatory steps are quite helpful in&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paralleluniverses"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CHAPTER 19 \u2014 Managing a Project - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chapter 19 Managing a Project: long before modeling, organizing a project helps with workflow and staying creative. 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