{"id":8189,"date":"2024-03-19T10:54:19","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T10:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=8189"},"modified":"2024-03-19T10:54:24","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T10:54:24","slug":"chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/","title":{"rendered":"CHAPTER 3 \u2014 The Future of Modeling"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f121d13c5bb\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f121d13c5bb\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Future_shocked\" >Future shocked<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#%E2%80%9CMagic%E2%80%9D_technologies\" >\u201cMagic\u201d technologies<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#The_Replicator\" >The Replicator<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#The_Transporter\" >The Transporter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#The_Holodeck\" >The Holodeck<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Electronic_ink_electronic_mass\" >Electronic ink, electronic mass<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Fabbing_in_the_studio\" >Fabbing in the studio<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Printing_a_building_instead_of_a_blueprint\" >Printing a building instead of a blueprint<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Paging_Dr_Fab\" >Paging Dr. Fab<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#The_wave_crashes\" >The wave crashes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Indistinguishable_from_magic\" >Indistinguishable from magic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/#Synthesis\" >Synthesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\"><em>10-minute read<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"694\" data-attachment-id=\"30\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/paralleluniverses_01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" data-orig-size=\"694,694\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"parallelUniverses_01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png?resize=694%2C694&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png 694w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>The futurists of past generations were not paying attention. Waxing poetic about personal jet-packs (which I am <strong>still<\/strong> waiting for!), they completely missed what was right under their noses. Even such a genius as Stanley Kubrick cast us still in the thrall of a Cold War with the Soviet Union (the <em>What<\/em> <em>Union<\/em>?). He had us jetting off to Jupiter via well-established moon bases by the year 2001 (remember 2001?) in <em><strong>2001: A Space Odyssey<\/strong><\/em>. Rest your soul, Stanley, but cool as it was, you didn&#8217;t pick the right future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"632\" data-attachment-id=\"8190\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/holodeck_empty-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/holodeck_empty.webp\" data-orig-size=\"840,632\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"holodeck_empty\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/holodeck_empty.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/holodeck_empty.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/holodeck_empty.webp 840w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/holodeck_empty-300x226.webp 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/holodeck_empty-768x578.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_shocked\"><\/span><strong>Future shocked<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"8198\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o.png\" data-orig-size=\"1676,1676\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-1024x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/peter_cook_info-gonk_5010343480_o.png 1676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Peter Cook and Archigram,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110810072505\/http:\/\/www.ludvigsen.hiof.no\/webdoc\/inet93\/gonks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Info Gonk<\/strong><\/a>, 1968<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"511\" height=\"512\" data-attachment-id=\"8199\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"511,512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"virtual_reality_5009739079_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o.jpg 511w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o-300x301.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtual_reality_5009739079_o-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>NASA\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/electronics.howstuffworks.com\/gadgets\/other-gadgets\/VR-gear.htm\/printable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">goggles-and-gloves virtual reality interactive hardware<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As it turned out, the future <em>was<\/em> about travel. Not by way of jets and rockets, but by way of a virtual environment. The &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tvtropes.org\/pmwiki\/pmwiki.php\/Main\/UsedFuture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">used futures<\/a>&#8221; of narratives like <em><strong>Blade Runner<\/strong><\/em> were a tad closer to our reality, in that they consider the interface of man and machine that we are on the threshold of witnessing. But the future isn&#8217;t what it used to be. And it&#8217;s not as far away as it used to be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1968, Archigram member Peter Cook envisioned the <strong>Info Gonk<\/strong>, preceding goggles-and-glove virtual reality environments by about 30 years. But the interactive user interface design in <em><strong>Minority Report<\/strong><\/em>, a movie set in 2050, couldn&#8217;t anticipate change quickly enough. <em>Minority-Report<\/em>-like interfaces based on 3D geometries are starting to crop up at trade shows about 35 years too early! What does this tell us about the rates of technological change and the ability of futurists to keep up?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/NwVBzx0LMNQ?si=3I9sp8AkGzv4KwJm\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Interactive user interface in\u00a0<strong>Minority Report<\/strong>, 2002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/73CGOjkwKdQ?si=QsFWShhLnlXH4sPp\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Intel&#8217;s interactive user interface at <strong>CES 2009<\/strong> \u2014 a decade and a half ago!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the dangers of indulging in futurism, let&#8217;s go out on a limb and speculate a bit about the role 3D digital modeling will play in the future of our creative work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CMagic%E2%80%9D_technologies\"><\/span>\u201cMagic\u201d technologies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The expanded universe of the <em><strong>Star Trek<\/strong><\/em> franchise can sometimes feel like a galaxy of techno-babbling, do-gooding Boy Scouts run amok. However, three seemingly &#8220;magic&#8221; technologies present therein are of interest to 3D modelers: the <strong>replicator<\/strong>, the <strong>transporter,<\/strong> and the <strong>holodeck<\/strong>. All work with a requirement of rendering objects in 3D space. And each embodies a fundamental convergence of digital data with tactile experience which will be the next great leap forward in the digital revolution: the <strong>post-computer<\/strong> age, wherein computing technologies will become effectively invisible as they become embedded in the non-digital world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Replicator\"><\/span>The Replicator<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The replicator has been around since the first episode of <em>Star Trek<\/em>, but Captain Picard&#8217;s &#8220;Earl Grey tea, hot&#8221; command epitomizes the ease with which replicator technology responds to a user&#8217;s nutritional needs. The seeds of any future replicator device are found in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/reprap.org\/wiki\/WebHome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RepRap Project<\/a>\u00a0initiated by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adrian_Bowyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adrian Bowyer<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Molecular_assembler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">molecular assembler<\/a>\u00a0that researchers in nanotechnology are working on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"padding:80% 0 0 0;position:relative;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/5202148?h=0e07243d4c&#038;byline=0&#038;portrait=0\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Adrian Bowyer,\u00a0<strong>RepRap Project<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/Spr5PWiuRaY?si=dmI7GZEfwy8qE0HR\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Lizard Fire Studios,\u00a0<strong>Productive Nanosystems<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Transporter\"><\/span>The Transporter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gene Roddenberry, the creator of <em>Star Trek<\/em>, included a transporter device as a special-effects cost-saving device after seeing the idea in the 1958 movie <em><strong>The Fly<\/strong><\/em>. In the 1986 David Cronenberg remake, Jeff Goldblum deals with the consequences of inattention to detail. His DNA gets crossed with that of a fly that goes along for the ride in his transporter in a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/wwwbillblog.blogspot.com\/2010\/09\/collection-project-deep-penetrating.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cautionary tale about technological hubris<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of all the &#8220;magic&#8221; <em>Trek<\/em> technologies, the transporter may seem to be the most far-fetched. However, teleportation of 3D objects may be an idea that&#8217;s<a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/science-vs-myth\/everyday-myths\/teleportation.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a0just around the corner<\/a>. Information was transferred from one quantum particle to another in 1997 by a team led by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton_Zeilinger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anton Zeilinger<\/a>. In February of 2010, it was reported by MIT&#8217;s <strong>Technology Review<\/strong> blog that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110418070114\/http:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/blog\/arxiv\/24759\/blog\/arxiv\/24759\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Masahiro Hotta<\/a>\u00a0at Tohoku University in Japan had outlined a discovery that allows energy to be teleported. Meanwhile, scientists in China created a quantum teleportation of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.popsci.com\/science\/article\/2010-05\/researchers-achieve-quantum-teleportation-over-10-miles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">over 10 miles<\/a>. While this was for a very minuscule mass, it was certainly a far enough distance to make contact with an orbiting satellite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/fYCZo0O3H0g?si=vrNg8DaZs01GvUgA\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Interview with Michio Kaku on quantum teleportation<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among other variables, a viable larger-scale teleport device will require in the data it manipulates are the elementary coordinates of particles in XYZ space. That&#8217;s lots more data than you handle in any current modeling program!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Holodeck\"><\/span>The Holodeck<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em><strong>Star Trek: The Next Generation<\/strong><\/em>, the revival show of Roddenberry&#8217;s franchise, a new technology plot element was unveiled. The <strong>holodeck<\/strong> was a simulated reality environment where people, things, and events are &#8220;created&#8221; using a multimedia combination of replicated matter, holograms, force fields, speakers for sound, and so on. The virtual reality experience will evolve into holodeck-like environments based on such current technologies as the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cave_Automatic_Virtual_Environment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CAVE<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VirtuSphere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">VirtuSphere<\/a> below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-attachment-id=\"8202\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/cave_crayoland\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;KODAK DC240 ZOOM DIGITAL CAMERA&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;996261407&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;KODAK DC240 ZOOM DIGITAL CAMERA&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.1&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"CAVE_Crayoland\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland-1024x768.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/CAVE_Crayoland.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cave_Automatic_Virtual_Environment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Cave Automatic Virtual Environment<\/strong><\/a>. The acronym references Plato&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allegory_of_the_Cave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Allegory of the Cave<\/strong><\/a><\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"8203\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/virtusphere_5012027407_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtusphere_5012027407_o-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,2560\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot A610&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1194615774&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.3&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.04&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"virtusphere_5012027407_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtusphere_5012027407_o-768x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtusphere_5012027407_o-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtusphere_5012027407_o-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtusphere_5012027407_o-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/virtusphere_5012027407_o-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VirtuSphere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>VirtuSphere<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0environment provides an infinite spherical plane upon which a participant can walk in any direction<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Holographic environments are an important 3D aspect of the holodeck&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/electronics.howstuffworks.com\/gadgets\/high-tech-gadgets\/holographic-environment.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">which current technology is on the verge of deploying<\/a>, as you can read about in the link.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electronic_ink_electronic_mass\"><\/span>Electronic ink, electronic mass<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>When J. K. Rowling wrote the <em><strong>Harry Potter<\/strong><\/em> books, she may have imagined magic as the media by which the <em><strong>Daily Prophet<\/strong><\/em> newspaper changed its headlines and images over the course of a news day. With electronic ink and flexible e-paper, that magic is already available in the lab and will become available in the not-too-distant future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"710\" data-attachment-id=\"8205\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248.webp\" data-orig-size=\"1200,832\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248-1024x710.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248-1024x710.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248-1024x710.webp 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248-300x208.webp 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248-768x532.webp 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/the-daily-prophet_2_1800x1248.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Front page of the <a href=\"http:\/\/harrypotter.wikia.com\/wiki\/File:1993Escape_DailyProphet.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Daily Prophet<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0with scrolling headlines and a moving image of a prisoner recalling mug shots, from\u00a0<strong>Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban<\/strong>, 2004<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/oq_2LiTxhls?si=CneT9_YPrxs6XTgf\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The development of e-ink and e-paper<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"471\" data-attachment-id=\"8206\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1330,612\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o-1024x471.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o-1024x471.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o-1024x471.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o-768x353.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/how_e-ink_works_highres_5012327525_o.jpg 1330w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eink.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">E Ink Corporation<\/a>\u00a0diagram of the cross-section of electronic ink capsules<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the immediate applications in a 3D material context: wallpapers, clothing, a textile for furnishings, or sculptural surface material. Now consider an extrapolation to some future idea: since the dark and light states of e-ink develop figure-ground relationships like any other graphic context, and states of mass and void in 3D are analogous to states of figure and ground, what kind of technology would create an\u00a0<em>e-mass<\/em>\u00a0that can change with electronic polarity as easy as e-ink? Sounds implausible? So did <strong>e-ink<\/strong> not too long ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"&quot;Wooden Mirror&quot; (1999) by Daniel Rozin\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/7820888?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Daniel Rozin,<\/em>\u00a0 Wooden Mirror,\u00a0<em>1999<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But <strong>e-mass<\/strong> is closer than you think. Artist Daniel Rozin created a wooden pixel mirror that uses bas-relief \u2014 a small change in depth \u2014 to create a virtual reflection, way back in 1999. In a more dramatic change of depth, ART+COM metaphorically interpreted the process of vehicle form design into the kinetic sculpture seen here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"ART+COM - Kinetic Sculpture, BMW Museum Munich 2008\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Pb4lUd2zO3w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>ART+COM,<\/em>\u00a0 Kinetic Sculpture\u00a0<em>for the BMW Museum, 2008<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fabbing_in_the_studio\"><\/span>Fabbing in the studio<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozin and ART+COM represent a growing number of artists embracing digital form-making. Digital fabrication, sometimes known as rapid prototyping, has been around for some time now but has always been financially prohibitive\u2014until now. The Rep-Rap Project referenced earlier, along with initiatives like\u00a0the Prusa printers we use in our maker space, is doing for 3D printing what Apple did for computing in the 1980s: making it accessible to most people, including artists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"8208\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/model2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1473,1474\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.7&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon PowerShot S5 IS&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1270744949&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.025&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Model2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-1024x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Model2.jpg 1473w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Fab@Home Model 2 printed in any material that can feed through syringe extruders<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" data-attachment-id=\"8209\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/nextfab\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1367\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"nextfab\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab-1024x684.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/nextfab.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Maker spaces like <strong>NextFab<\/strong> mix new- and old-school fabrication techniques<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Other forms of fabrication, laser and water-jet cutting, milling, and the like, are becoming more accessible through initiatives like\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.3dsystems.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3DSystems Quickparts<\/a>\u00a0service or\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thingiverse.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thingiverse<\/a>. Artists and hackers are coming together in hacker spaces and maker spaces like Philadelphia&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nextfabstudio.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NextFab<\/a>, membership communities that share resources to gain access to digital fabrication and electronics. These communities are eroding the boundaries among artists, designers, hackers, and electronics buffs \u2014 what\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.paulgraham.com\/hp.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Paul Graham generally refers to as makers<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>Larger scale fabrication technologies, such as the 3D cement printer built by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.factum-arte.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Factum Arte<\/a>, are now being harnassed by artists like Anish Kapoor for the generation of large-scale works.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"749\" data-attachment-id=\"8211\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,749\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/kapoor_greyman_4946370534_o-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 3.18 |<\/strong>\u00a0Anish Kapoor,\u00a0<strong>Greyman Cries, Shaman Dies, Billowing Smoke, Beauty Evoked<\/strong>,\u00a02009<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Printing_a_building_instead_of_a_blueprint\"><\/span>Printing a building instead of a blueprint<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although not as exotic as the speculative idea of a shape-shifting e-mass above, the idea of &#8220;printing&#8221; a building \u2014 really just 3D printing on a scale larger than Kapoor&#8217;s sculpture \u2014 is another idea whose time has almost arrived. Read here about the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/travel\/ultratravel\/the-next-big-thing\/10110195\/The-worlds-first-3D-printed-house.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">world&#8217;s first printed building<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another kind of &#8220;printing&#8221; idea comes out of extruding concrete and building up a volume akin to a high-tech version of a coil-built ceramic vessel. Variations are seen here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Designing HUGE Concrete Forms | 3D Printing Robotic Arm on a Track in Action at Vertico\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cPDaOuiDK5Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>3D Printing Robotic Arm on a Track in Action at <strong>Vertico<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paging_Dr_Fab\"><\/span>Paging Dr. Fab<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Architects sometimes refer to their buildings as metaphors for the human body. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"378\" data-attachment-id=\"8194\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/giorgio_martini_francesco_di_1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1.png\" data-orig-size=\"2650,978\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-1024x378.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-1024x378.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-1024x378.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-768x283.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-1536x567.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Giorgio_Martini_Francesco_di_1-2048x756.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>From <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/gri_33125011099633\/page\/n91\/mode\/2up\">Treatise on civil and military architecture<\/a><\/strong> by Francesco di Giorgio Martini, 1470, as reprinted by Cesare Saluzzo in 1849<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>So if you can print a building, why not a body? Here we illustrate another use for 3D technology that is right around the bend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/80DhBLEhdzk?si=EMs2ogPAfw3AWVn3\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Organ Printing<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_wave_crashes\"><\/span>The wave crashes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s as far as I&#8217;ll take a stab at being a futurist. With the pace of change being what it is (and still accelerating), I imagine this title will be edited more often than any other. The future isn&#8217;t what it used to be <em>because<\/em>\u00a0<em>it used to<\/em> <em><strong>be<\/strong>\u00a0the future<\/em>. Rates of technological obsolescence make for an ever-diminishing half-life for the futurists&#8217; game. Here&#8217;s an example: a timeline representing the rates of change for major market musical recording technology since Edison&#8217;s experiments with cylinder recording:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"375\" data-attachment-id=\"8214\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,939\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-1024x375.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-1024x375.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-1024x375.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-768x282.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-1536x563.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/music_tech_timeline_5827697579_o-2048x751.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Timeline\u00a0of fundamental changes in music listening technology.<\/em> <em>It took about\u00a0<strong>4 generations<\/strong>\u00a0for the disc record format to be truly threatened by anything else. Now, within the span of a single generation (20 years), we can expect music listening formats to change 3 times or more. I&#8217;m an old dog: I replaced my record collection with CDs, and my CDs with an iPod, and now the iPod has been reduced to an app on an iPhone. At current rates of change, your allegiance to the listening format will be challenged perhaps a\u00a0<strong>dozen<\/strong>\u00a0times in a normal lifespan. Some might call this a marketing conspiracy \u2014 but I can tell you, from an ease-of-use standpoint, I don&#8217;t miss the big records (although I do miss the LP sleeve graphics!).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>What this illustrates is how potentially alienating the rates of technological progress can be, even to those who wholeheartedly embrace it. When the wave crashes \u2014 that is, when technology chases itself out of existence so fast that we can&#8217;t absorb the change \u2014 it should come as no surprise that the narrative device of\u00a0<em>anachronism<\/em>\u00a0becomes as popular as it currently is in modern storytelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indistinguishable_from_magic\"><\/span>Indistinguishable from magic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An anachronism is something out of place with its time: an aerosol spray paint can at Lascaux, say, making easy work of painting oxen on the cave wall. Many narrative genres indulge in it. However, <strong>steampunk<\/strong> is a genre that revels in temporally displaced technologies, typically from the future into the past \u2014 a kind of science fiction in reverse. The essence of our time <em><strong>is<\/strong><\/em> steampunk, and the genre becomes a mirror in which we can see how we live with anachronism in our daily lives. The forward-flung technologies we explored above are right at our doorstep, making it feel like we missed the process that led to the future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although a term not coined until the late 1980s, steampunk has precedents dating back to Jules Verne. And it continues up through novelists with as serious a set of literary chops as Thomas Pynchon. In <em><strong>Against the Day<\/strong><\/em>, Pynchon shuttles back and forth in narrative time and with technologies that seem at once plausible and absurd \u2014 magic, if you will. But if we looked at what is done today with technology through the eyes of a person from a century ago, our age\u00a0<em>would<\/em>\u00a0seem magic. After all, as science-fiction legend\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarke%27s_three_laws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arthur C. Clarke<\/a>\u00a0has said, &#8220;Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Synthesis\"><\/span>Synthesis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Without being too specific \u2014 oh, that fatal trap for any futurist \u2014 we can predict the magic we&#8217;ll encounter in the next decades will be a fusion, analogous to the anachronisms of Pynchon. He dissolved the boundaries of history and speculative fiction. So too we will see the dissolution of boundaries between the present and the future. This will occur largely through a synthesis of the digital and the tactile. The interactive interface we know today will become as quaint as a gramophone. Our houses, our clothes, our bodies \u2014 and our art \u2014 will become &#8220;smart.&#8221; The digital, embedded in the tactile, will become invisible. In that post-computer, invisibly digital age, technology will indeed be indistinguishable from magic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagine, in that future, the interesting challenge of being an artist. Visit the <em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.futuretimeline.net\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Future Timeline<\/a><\/strong><\/em> and see if you can determine the astonishing number of times when 3D digital technologies play a role.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>10-minute read The futurists of past generations were not paying attention. Waxing poetic about personal jet-packs (which I am still waiting for!), they completely missed what was right under their noses. Even such a genius as Stanley Kubrick cast us still in the thrall of a Cold War with the Soviet Union (the What Union?)&#8230;. <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paralleluniverses"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CHAPTER 3 \u2014 The Future of Modeling - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chapter 3 The Future of Modeling: Replicators, transporters, and holodecks may seem like magic tech \u2014 but modeling may make them real.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CHAPTER 3 \u2014 The Future of Modeling - 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