{"id":7591,"date":"2024-03-07T03:11:29","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T03:11:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=7591"},"modified":"2024-03-07T12:00:15","modified_gmt":"2024-03-07T12:00:15","slug":"chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/","title":{"rendered":"CHAPTER 15 | Metaphors to Photography"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0ce5de8f8f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0ce5de8f8f\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Light_and_material\" >Light and material<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Light_as_subject_and_object\" >Light as subject and object<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Kinds_of_lighting\" >Kinds of lighting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Arnold_case_studies\" >Arnold case studies<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Outdoor_Sky_and_Sun\" >Outdoor: Sky and Sun<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Indoor_three-point_light_setup_with_ambient_Sky\" >Indoor: three-point light setup with ambient Sky<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#The_three-point_setup\" >The three-point setup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Key_light\" >Key light<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Fill_light\" >Fill light<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Back_light\" >Back light<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Integration\" >Integration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Point_of_View\" >Point of View<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#The_arrow_in_the_eye\" >The arrow in the eye<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Perspective_and_composition\" >Perspective and composition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Perspective_and_meaning\" >Perspective and meaning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Model_as_camera_camera_as_eye\" >Model as camera, camera as eye<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Angle_of_view_and_focal_length\" >Angle of view and focal length<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Arnold_case_study_focal_length\" >Arnold case study: focal length<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Camera_distance\" >Camera distance<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Arnold_case_study_distance\" >Arnold case study: distance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Depth_of_field\" >Depth of field<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Arnold_case_study\" >Arnold case study<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Motion_blur\" >Motion blur<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Arnold_case_study-2\" >Arnold case study<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Shot_design\" >Shot design<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Extreme_long_shot\" >Extreme long shot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Long_shot\" >Long shot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Middle_mid_shot\" >Middle (mid) shot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Closeup\" >Closeup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/#Extreme_closeup\" >Extreme closeup<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\"><em>15-minute read<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"694\" data-attachment-id=\"30\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/paralleluniverses_01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" data-orig-size=\"694,694\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"parallelUniverses_01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png?resize=694%2C694&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png 694w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Light_and_material\"><\/span>Light and material<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"450\" data-attachment-id=\"7598\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/car-lighting-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/car-lighting-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"598,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"car-lighting-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/car-lighting-1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/car-lighting-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7598\" style=\"width:800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/car-lighting-1.jpg 598w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/car-lighting-1-300x226.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Automobile&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bacht.net\/english\/aktuell01_e.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">photo studio<\/a>. If our model were the car, several artifacts \u2014 cameras, lights, environments \u2014 would be added in our modeling software to achieve a successful rendering.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p><strong>Still<\/strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>single-frame rendering<\/strong>&nbsp;treats the output from the program much like a still photograph. If you&#8217;ve ever set yourself up for a photo shoot, you know several things already about setting this up in modeling software. The amount and direction of light, control of the background, and where you place your camera are among the variables a photographer accounts for in the photo studio. Here, the software will act as your virtual photo set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, people who work with 3D modeling may have limited experience with photography. So, if you are one of those, the metaphor to the photo studio set-up will be better understood after reading this title. But  even if you know photography, it&#8217;s good to see how the metaphor works.&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Light_as_subject_and_object\"><\/span>Light as subject and object<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In nature, light is something you find as a given phenomenon, rather than something to control. A long tradition of artists, from the Impressionists to contemporary artists like Andy Goldsworthy, have explored the relationship of natural light to art. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"645\" data-attachment-id=\"3236\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/monet_hay\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay.png\" data-orig-size=\"1151,725\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"monet_hay\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-1024x645.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-1024x645.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-1024x645.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-768x484.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay.png 1151w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Claude Monet, paintings from his <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haystacks_%28Monet_series%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Haystack<\/a><\/strong> series  inn the 1880s and 1890s explore the ephemeral qualities of light.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7601\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/goldsworthy-snow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1080,1350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"goldsworthy-snow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow-819x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow-300x375.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/goldsworthy-snow.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Andy Goldsworthy,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rwc.uc.edu\/artcomm\/web\/w2005_2006\/maria_Goldsworthy\/works.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Snow Circles<\/strong><\/a>,&nbsp;Izumi-Mura, Japan, December 19, 1987<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The most consummate light artist is James Turrell, for whom light is both&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rodencrater.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">subject and object<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"703\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7602\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"824,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr-703x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr-703x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7602\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr-703x1024.jpg 703w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr-768x1118.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr-300x437.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr.jpg 824w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"766\" data-attachment-id=\"7605\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"526,766\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2.jpg 526w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr2-300x437.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"766\" data-attachment-id=\"7606\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"526,766\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Paul Bardagjy&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 5D Mark III&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1376352000&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Copyright 2013&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;17&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.8&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3.jpg 526w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/05_06-james-turrell-the-color-inside-2013-photo-by-florian-holzherr3-300x437.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>James Turrell, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/turrell.utexas.edu\/\">The Color Inside<\/a><\/strong>, skyspace at University of Texas at Austin.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Our modeled light reveals our modeled object. In our software, we may find a default, ambient light present so we can quickly dash off a test rendering without thinking. However, as our models become more sophisticated and deliberate, light as a modeled condition begins to factor into our compositions. Of course, unlike the sun in Turrell&#8217;s Skyspace, you are in complete control of when and how light is presented in our setup. When we create a light setup, the light becomes an object or objects to model. There is no rendering without there being light first!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As in a photo studio, you&#8217;ll want light that gives your subject a proper sense of depth and context. In a typical setup, there are usually a number of lights. Generally there are two lights to either side. These indirectly emphasize the form or texture of a subject through light bouncing in the&nbsp;<em>background<\/em>. A third light, called a&nbsp;<em>key<\/em>&nbsp;light, emphasizes the subject. Sometimes a diffuse fourth light known as a&nbsp;<em>fill<\/em>&nbsp;light is added to keep shadows from losing detail. The spot lights directly on the subject are fairly direct and powerful lighting. The fill and background lights are usually diffuse and less intense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kinds_of_lighting\"><\/span>Kinds of lighting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Modeling software has several different kinds of lights to employ. Typically, we can find:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> An <strong>ambient<\/strong> light, which acts like an all-over background illlumination <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <strong>directional<\/strong> light, which acts like the sun <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <strong>point<\/strong> light, which is a bit like the &#8220;bare bulb&#8221; in the room<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spot<\/strong>&nbsp;lights, which focus light in a conic manner<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Area<\/strong>&nbsp;lights, which act like a fluorescent fixture with a diffuser in the classroom or office ceiling <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Rules of thumb: a minimum of two light sources will help to generate realism. However, pay attention to the number of light sources you can see in a given room. This will include incidental sources like windows and computer monitors. More often, you&#8217;ll see quite more than two light sources are in a typical scene. However, remember that increasing light sources increases processing time, especially as you begin to render using radiosity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"850\" data-attachment-id=\"7637\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization.png\" data-orig-size=\"850,850\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7637\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization.png 850w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An exterior scene is often handled with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Example-of-split-dataset-label-visualization_fig4_373734970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">textured skydome<\/a> illuminated by a directional sun and an ambient fill light.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"614\" height=\"535\" data-attachment-id=\"7638\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/hk-01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HK-01.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"614,535\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;\\u00a9 2006 Kevin Kertz&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"HK-01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HK-01.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HK-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7638\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HK-01.jpg 614w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/HK-01-300x261.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>An interior scene is handled by multiple light sources. In a photo studio, this includes a hierarchy such as a <strong>key<\/strong> or primary light source, a <strong>fill<\/strong> to illuminate shadow areas, and a <strong>backlight<\/strong> to provide depth.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arnold_case_studies\"><\/span>Arnold case studies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>In the <strong>Arnold<\/strong> rendering system used in <strong>Autodesk Maya<\/strong>, a <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong> can be used for an ambient light. A <strong>Skydome Light<\/strong> can be set as a directional source. <strong>Area Lights<\/strong> can function as spot or area lights \u2014 this single light object can be set up in the <strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong> to function many ways. Below we developed a simple scene and lit it for exterior and interior scene case studies. In both, the material we used is the <strong>Arnold Standard Shader<\/strong> set to a matte-finish <strong>Rubber<\/strong> preset and a middle-value (18%) gray, like a photographer&#8217;s gray card.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" data-attachment-id=\"7641\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/graycard\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1500,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"graycard\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard-1024x512.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7641\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/graycard.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The middle-value gray we used is identical to a photographer&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gray_card\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gray card<\/a>, used for color-correction and a neutral value for setting exposure.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Outdoor_Sky_and_Sun\"><\/span>Outdoor: Sky and Sun<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This is pretty simple: we use the Arnold <strong>Skydome Light<\/strong> to create a sun and <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong> for the ambient light in the scene. Annoyingly, these come in with identical names, so we rename them in the <strong>Outliner<\/strong>: <strong>aiSkyDomeLightSun<\/strong> and <strong>aiSydomeLightSky<\/strong> respectively. To keep it simple we&#8217;re accepting default values wherever they work. In this case, we&#8217;re careful to modify only these parameters in the Attribute Editor for both objects:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Intensity = 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resolution = 1000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Samples = 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db1aef&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db1aef\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7645\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/sun-sky\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sun-sky\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-sky-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>The <strong>Skydome Light<\/strong> and <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong> work together to create convincing shadows with an ambient, bounced light.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db2284&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db2284\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7646\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/sun\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sun\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sun-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>The <strong>Skydome Light<\/strong> alone creates sun-sharp shadows, but notice how they appear to be like shadows without atmosphere like one finds on the Moon! This sun has a default angle and a slight warmth, either of which can be adjusted to evoke any time of day.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db2909&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db2909\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7647\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/sky\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sky\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sky-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p><em>The <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong> takes on the ambient role, filling in those shadows and generally acting like a radiosity light model.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We can see that, by themselves, they each look underexposed, but when rendered together they resolve into a decent exposure \u2014 remember, everything in this scene is a middle-value gray.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indoor_three-point_light_setup_with_ambient_Sky\"><\/span>Indoor: three-point light setup with ambient Sky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ve modeled our interior scene to emulate a professional photo studio using a three-point light system: a <strong>key<\/strong> light, a <strong>fill<\/strong> light, and a <strong>back<\/strong> light. To enhance the overall ambient effect, we&#8217;re still using a <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong>, but we&#8217;ve dialed the <strong>Intensity<\/strong> down below 0.5. The overall scene looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db2ffc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db2ffc\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>This has about the same level of illumination as our outdoor scene. To achieve this with 4 light sources instead of 2, we used a range of parameters for <strong>Area<\/strong> lights with different values. Details are seen as we unpack each light below.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_three-point_setup\"><\/span>The three-point setup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Observe the modeling of our light objects in the top and front views below. All three are quite large, which permits the diffuse character seen in the rendering. We&#8217;ve moved, rotated, and scaled them into the configuration that gives the desired result, positioning them in a manner analogous to a photographer moving physical lights in a studio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db36a7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db36a7\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1280\" data-attachment-id=\"7656\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/top-view-light-setup\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup.png\" data-orig-size=\"2160,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"top-view-light-setup\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup-1024x607.png\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup.png 2160w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup-1536x910.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/top-view-light-setup-2048x1214.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Top view: The <strong>key<\/strong> light is to the right of the scene, while the <strong>fill<\/strong> light is to the left, and the <strong>back<\/strong> light is behind the objects<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db3bc5&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db3bc5\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1280\" data-attachment-id=\"7657\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/front-view-light-setup\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup.png\" data-orig-size=\"2160,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"front-view-light-setup\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup-1024x607.png\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7657\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup.png 2160w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup-1536x910.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/front-view-light-setup-2048x1214.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Front view, with all <strong>Area<\/strong> lights viewed as red wireframe objects. The <strong>key<\/strong> light is the rectangular form. The <strong>fill<\/strong> light is a cylindrical object. The <strong>back<\/strong> light is large and circular. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db41a7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db41a7\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7660\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-key\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-key\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_light\"><\/span>Key light<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This is an <strong>Area<\/strong> light set at an <strong>Intensity<\/strong> of 50. We&#8217;ve set it as a quad shape with a <strong>Spread<\/strong> of 0.5 and a <strong>Resolution<\/strong> of 1000. We&#8217;ve also set <strong>Samples<\/strong> for 3. Size-wise, it was scaled by about 480% and set away from the scene by about 8 units, elevated by about 8 units, and angled by about 60\u02da.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db4821&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db4821\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7662\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-fill\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-fill\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-fill-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fill_light\"><\/span>Fill light<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This <strong>Area<\/strong> light is set an an <strong>Intensity<\/strong> of 200, which seems strange! That&#8217;s because we&#8217;ve shaped it as a cylinder, which diffuses light as appropriate for fill. The <strong>Samples<\/strong> were set at 3. It was scaled irregularly, between about 600 and 800% in different orientations. It is nearly on top of the scene at a shallow angle.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db4e53&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db4e53\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7663\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-back\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-back\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-back-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back_light\"><\/span>Back light<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This <strong>Area<\/strong> light is also strong at 200 because its shape is defined as a disk. <strong>Spread<\/strong> is set to 1. As with the others, <strong>Samples<\/strong> are set at 3. We&#8217;ve also reduced the <strong>Shadow Density<\/strong> to 0.5. It&#8217;s scaled about 700%, and positioned about 13 units behind the scene, with a very shallow angle of about 15\u02da.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db54c7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db54c7\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7661\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-key-fill-back\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-key-fill-back\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Integration\"><\/span>Integration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The three-point system together, but without the ambient <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Point_of_View\"><\/span><a><\/a>Point of View<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_arrow_in_the_eye\"><\/span>The arrow in the eye<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Controlling the background and thinking about your point of view are two reciprocal and intertwining variables. While we&#8217;ll focus more on the technical aspect of <strong>POV<\/strong> (point of view) below, it&#8217;s impossible to talk about context and composition without at least acknowledging the role POV plays. In many ways, the photographic camera is a metaphor for the human eye. Then we find that software&#8217;s virtual camera is a metaphor for a real camera. In other words, we&#8217;re talking about a metaphor <em>twice removed<\/em> when discussing the software&#8217;s viewing apparatus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although it is a discussion beyond our scope, human optics, drawn perspective, photographic perspective and digital perspective all express the appearance of the world in reasonably similar ways. Of course, the human eye is a little busy-body. It darts back and forth around a spherical visual field, quickly focusing in and out from detail to panorama.  The distinction between the active eye and the still painting, photographic composition or rendering is clear. What relates those last items is the idea of composition in relationship to perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Perspective_and_composition\"><\/span>Perspective and composition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1028\" height=\"2073\" data-attachment-id=\"7633\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/masaccio_trinita\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1028,2073\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Masaccio_trinita\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-508x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-149x300.jpg 149w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-508x1024.jpg 508w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-768x1549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-762x1536.jpg 762w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-1016x2048.jpg 1016w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Masaccio_trinita-300x605.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1028px) 100vw, 1028px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trinity_Masaccio.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Masaccio<\/a>,&nbsp;<strong>The Holy Trinity<\/strong>, 1427<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"553\" data-attachment-id=\"7632\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/sanpaeolesi-trinity\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1396,754\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sanpaeolesi-trinity\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity-1024x553.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity-1024x553.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity-1024x553.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity-768x415.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sanpaeolesi-trinity.jpg 1396w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.webexhibits.org\/arrowintheeye\/elements_p4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Piero Sanpaolesi<\/a>, ground plan and section analysis of&nbsp;<strong>Trinity<\/strong>, 1962<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Perspective as a pictorial, compositional tool has its first full expression in Masaccio&#8217;s fresco <em><strong>The Holy Trinity<\/strong><\/em>. The perspective was calculated so that, at standing height and upon entering the chapel, the spectator would feel as if the fresco were an extension of the architectural space, in an early <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webexhibits.org\/arrowintheeye\/elements_p4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">trompe l&#8217;oeil tour-de-force<\/a>. Indeed, while there are inaccuracies, it is mathematically accurate enough that one can construct a hypothetical space beyond the wall. This is a data set that can be used to <a href=\"http:\/\/3dvisa.cch.kcl.ac.uk\/project73.html\">generate a 3D model<\/a>. A decade later, Leon Battista Alberti encoded the device of perspective in&nbsp;<em><strong>De Pictura<\/strong><\/em>, illustrated later by Giacomo da Vignola. It was also explored by Albrecht D\u00fcrer in one of several devices he built and used for perspective drawing.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"483\" data-attachment-id=\"7634\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/vignola3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3.webp\" data-orig-size=\"1251,590\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"vignola3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3-1024x483.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3-1024x483.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3-1024x483.webp 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3-300x141.webp 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3-768x362.webp 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/vignola3.webp 1251w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wga.hu\/frames-e.html?\/html\/v\/vignola\/perspect.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Giacomo da Vignola<\/a>, illustration depicting Alberti&#8217;s perspective system in his treatise&nbsp;<strong>Le Due Regole della Prospettiva Practica<\/strong>, published 1583<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"747\" data-attachment-id=\"7635\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/durer_stich_aus_anweisung_2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1919,1400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2-1024x747.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2-1024x747.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2-1024x747.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2-1536x1121.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Durer_Stich_aus_Anweisung_2.jpg 1919w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pictokon.net\/bilder\/2008-11-bilder-fotos\/albrecht-duerer-vnderweysung-der-messung-der-zeichner-der-laute-holzschitt-1525.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albrecht D\u00fcrer<\/a>,&nbsp;<strong>The Draughtsman of the Lute<\/strong>, 1525<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Perspective_and_meaning\"><\/span>Perspective and meaning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The upshot of the development of perspective is that it gave artists not only a way to imitate nature but also a way to control composition, both formally and metaphorically. In the work of Jan Vermeer, geometry, perspective, composition, and meaning become intertwined. The subject or focal point is often congruent with or adjacent to a vanishing point. In&nbsp;<em><strong>The Glass of Wine<\/strong><\/em>, a particularly interesting&nbsp;<em>absence<\/em>&nbsp;of a figure at the focal point suggests a metaphorical projection of the artist&#8217;s eye into a position appropriate to that of a sitter in the empty chair. In <strong><em>The Astronomer<\/em><\/strong>, he places the vanishing point between the observer and the observed, at the very center of the canvas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"884\" data-attachment-id=\"7668\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/1186px-jan_vermeer_van_delft_-_the_glass_of_wine_-_google_art_project\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1186,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project-1024x884.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project-1024x884.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project-1024x884.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project-768x663.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1186w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Jan Vermeer,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Glass of Wine<\/a><\/strong>, c. 1658-1660<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"884\" data-attachment-id=\"7669\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/1186px-jan_vermeer_van_delft_-_the_glass_of_wine_-_google_art_project_persp\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1186,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-1024x884.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-1024x884.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7669\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-1024x884.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-768x663.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1186px-Jan_Vermeer_van_Delft_-_The_Glass_of_Wine_-_Google_Art_Project_persp.jpg 1186w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Perspective study<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"890\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7671\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/johannes_vermeer_-_lady_at_the_virginal_with_a_gentleman_the_music_lesson_-_google_art_project\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1779,2048\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-890x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-890x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-890x1024.jpg 890w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-768x884.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-1334x1536.jpg 1334w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project-300x345.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1779w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Jan Vermeer,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Music_Lesson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Music Lesson<\/a><\/strong>, c. 1662-1664<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"890\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7670\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/johannes_vermeer_-_lady_at_the_virginal_with_a_gentleman_the_music_lesson_-_google_art_project_persp\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1779,2048\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-890x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-890x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7670\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-890x1024.jpg 890w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-768x884.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-1334x1536.jpg 1334w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp-300x345.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_Lady_at_the_Virginal_with_a_Gentleman_The_Music_Lesson_-_Google_Art_Project_persp.jpg 1779w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Perspective study<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7675\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/1910px-johannes_vermeer_-_woman_holding_a_balance_-_google_art_project\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1910,2160\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-905x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-905x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-905x1024.jpg 905w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-768x869.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-1358x1536.jpg 1358w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1910w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Jan Vermeer,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woman_Holding_a_Balance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Woman Holding a Balance<\/a><\/strong>, c. 1664<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7680\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/1910px-johannes_vermeer_-_woman_holding_a_balance_-_google_art_project-persp2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1904,2155\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2-905x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2-905x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2-905x1024.jpg 905w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2-265x300.jpg 265w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2-768x869.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2-1357x1536.jpg 1357w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1910px-Johannes_Vermeer_-_Woman_Holding_a_Balance_-_Google_Art_Project-persp2.jpg 1904w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Perspective study<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7672\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/johannes_vermeer_-_the_astronomer_-_1668\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1767,2009\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-901x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-901x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-901x1024.jpg 901w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-768x873.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-1351x1536.jpg 1351w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-300x341.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668.jpg 1767w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Jan Vermeer,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Astronomer_(Vermeer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Astronomer<\/a><\/strong>, 1668<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7673\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/johannes_vermeer_-_the_astronomer_-_1668-persp\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1767,2009\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-901x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-901x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-901x1024.jpg 901w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-768x873.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-1351x1536.jpg 1351w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp-300x341.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Johannes_Vermeer_-_The_Astronomer_-_1668-persp.jpg 1767w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Perspective study<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Like Vermeer, a photographer, by the nature of their craft, works with the compositional possibilities inherent in a perspectival space. Let&#8217;s explore the optics of the camera and how this relates to the virtual camera of our software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Model_as_camera_camera_as_eye\"><\/span>Model as camera, camera as eye<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The camera is not as neat a metaphor for human perception as we might think. For one thing, we carry <em>two<\/em> &#8220;cameras&#8221; in our head, not one. The brain resolves information from this binocular situation into one coherent image. The stereoscopic nature of our vision is what gives us a sense of depth. This occurs in a cone of vision that radiates approximately 60 degrees from the average of our two eyes, as determined by the overlap of the field of view captured by each eye, limited by the bridge of the nose. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"667\" data-attachment-id=\"7681\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1563\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"5088690999_2371bb0a98_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-1024x667.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-1024x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-1024x667.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-768x500.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-1536x1000.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5088690999_2371bb0a98_o-2048x1334.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>In a top view of a human figure, stereoscopic vision resolves to cones of vision, detail, and depth perception<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Within that field of vision (shown in purple), a narrower 30-degree cone gives us the perception of focused detail (shown in red). Beyond that extends an area of peripheral vision (shown in blue). This is good for seeing shape and color, but not so useful for perceiving depth. Beyond that 120-degree cone, we can detect movement best, but not much else, in the remaining area that&#8217;s blind to opposing eyes. Compare these different cones of vision to what the different focal lengths of lenses on a camera can see.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"363\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7682\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/attachment\/12\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,1129\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"12\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12-363x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12-363x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12-363x1024.jpg 363w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12-106x300.jpg 106w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12-300x847.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Camera lens focal lengths. The shorter the lens, the wider the cone of view. Thus, lens lengths mimic the perceptual field of human vision in particular ways. A 17mm lens approximates our peripheral vision, while a lens between 28mm and 50mm gives results close to our 60-degree cone of 3D vision. A lens beyond 50mm expresses detail the way our focused cone of vision does.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Angle_of_view_and_focal_length\"><\/span>Angle of view and focal length<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Camera models provide an&nbsp;<strong>angle of view<\/strong>&nbsp;or a more camera-centric&nbsp;<strong>focal length<\/strong>&nbsp;to control what we see. Sometimes, as with Maya, we get both. Changing this angle is one way to affect the composition of your renderings. It&#8217;s as if the camera stays in one location, while the photographer does nothing but change lenses. Note, however, that a sense of depth gets lost as the focal length gets longer and the angle of view narrows. These same effects will be observable in your virtual software camera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1730\" height=\"2486\" data-attachment-id=\"7686\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/lens-length\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length.png\" data-orig-size=\"1730,2486\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"lens-length\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-713x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7686\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length.png 1730w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-209x300.png 209w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-713x1024.png 713w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-768x1104.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-1069x1536.png 1069w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-1425x2048.png 1425w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lens-length-300x431.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em>Same location, shot with different focal lengths, changing the angle of view, amount of detail, and sense of depth. Adapted from illustrations in <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/photography0000lond\/mode\/2up\"><strong>Photography<\/strong><\/a> by Barbara London and John Upton, 1981 edition.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arnold_case_study_focal_length\"><\/span>Arnold case study: focal length<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db732e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db732e\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1280\" data-attachment-id=\"7689\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/angle-of-view\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view.png\" data-orig-size=\"2160,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"angle-of-view\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view-1024x607.png\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view.png 2160w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view-1536x910.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/angle-of-view-2048x1214.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Compare this camera phenomenon to the modeled camera in software. We keep the distance constant, and in the attributes, we assign a focal length of 20mm, 35mm, and 85mm for three renders.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db79ae&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db79ae\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7690\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/20mm-fl-7-75-constant-distance\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>20mm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db7cbc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db7cbc\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>35mm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db8275&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db8275\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7691\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/85mm-fl-7-75-constant-dist\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>85mm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Camera_distance\"><\/span>Camera distance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Changing focal length is NOT the same thing as moving closer or farther away, however! The diagram shows you the camera is doing much the same thing as it&#8217;s doing in the image. It&#8217;s staying in one place and changing focal length. In the bottom row, we replace changing lenses with changing positions. The diagram at the bottom left shows you the camera dollying in toward the subject. The compositional results are remarkably different.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" data-attachment-id=\"7692\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/cam-position-v-focal-length\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1500,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cam-position-v-focal-length\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length-1024x512.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/cam-position-v-focal-length.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Focal length change (top row) versus change in location (bottom row) Adapted from illustrations in <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/photography0000lond\/mode\/2up\"><strong>Photography<\/strong><\/a> by Barbara London and John Upton, 1981 edition.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arnold_case_study_distance\"><\/span>Arnold case study: distance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db8a1b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db8a1b\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1280\" data-attachment-id=\"7695\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/3-cam-position-top\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top.png\" data-orig-size=\"2160,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"3-cam-position-top\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top-1024x607.png\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top.png 2160w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top-1536x910.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-top-2048x1214.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db8f17&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db8f17\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1280\" data-attachment-id=\"7698\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/3-cam-position-side\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side.png\" data-orig-size=\"2160,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"3-cam-position-side\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side-1024x607.png\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side.png 2160w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side-1536x910.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-side-2048x1214.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db94d4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db94d4\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2160\" height=\"1280\" data-attachment-id=\"7700\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/3-cam-position\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position.png\" data-orig-size=\"2160,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"3-cam-position\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-1024x607.png\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position.png 2160w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-1536x910.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3-cam-position-2048x1214.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2160px) 100vw, 2160px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>In our model, we keep the focal length at 35mm constant this time, and change the distance from the center ball: 3.25, 7.75, and 13.5 units respectively.  Let&#8217;s compare the results with the focal-length study:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db9950&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db9950\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7690\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/20mm-fl-7-75-constant-distance\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20mm-fl-7.75-constant-distance-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>20mm, 7.75 units<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db9c19&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db9c19\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>35mm, 7.75 units<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5db9ede&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5db9ede\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7691\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/85mm-fl-7-75-constant-dist\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/85mm-fl-7.75-constant-dist-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>85mm, 7.75 units<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dba4b2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dba4b2\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7693\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/13-5-dist-w-35mm-fl\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13.5-dist-w-35mm-fl-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>13.5 units<\/em>, <em>35mm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dba7c8&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dba7c8\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7651\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/int-key-fill-back-sky-50mm-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>7.75 units<\/em>, <em>35mm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbad0a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbad0a\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7694\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/3-25-dist-w-35mm-fl\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.25-dist-w-35mm-fl-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>3.25 units<\/em>, <em>35mm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bottom line: because it&#8217;s easier to do, you will be tempted just to dolly your camera to compose your shots. However, you can see the unfortunate results of such an editorial decision. Better to spend a little extra time looking for angle of view settings than end up with distorted results!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"387\" data-attachment-id=\"7628\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/short-lens-to-long-lens\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1190,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"short-lens-to-long-lens\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens-1024x387.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens-1024x387.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens-1024x387.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens-768x290.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/short-lens-to-long-lens.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of lens length and distance on a moderately scaled subject. A short lens (24mm) dollied up close significantly exaggerates the true relationships found in the model. A longer lens (150mm) further away shows truer proportions in this head shot.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The general rule of thumb: choose the focal length before choosing the position. If we&#8217;re rendering a full view of an architecturally scaled object, we use around a 20-30mm focal length. If creating a full view of a human-scaled character, we try around 30-80mm. For a full view of a detail, we try 80 to 150mm. After we set the focal length, we can move the camera to a good compositional position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Depth_of_field\"><\/span>Depth of field<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>Some byproducts of focal length choice are the distance you&#8217;ll create between subject and camera and the amount of background depth you&#8217;ll see. In photography, a third variable, the <strong>aperture<\/strong>, can contribute to the sense of depth created in a composition. Aperture can be thought of as a dilation of a pupil to allow or restrict light entering the eye:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"653\" data-attachment-id=\"7703\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/1694px-lenses_with_different_apertures\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1694,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures-1024x653.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures-1024x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures-1024x653.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures-768x490.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures-1536x979.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1694px-Lenses_with_different_apertures.jpg 1694w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lenses_with_different_apertures.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lenses with different apertures<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>These variables create a photographic phenomenon known as&nbsp;<strong>depth of field<\/strong>, the amount of a scene that can be seen in crisp detail. Here we can see the different ways these variables can affect depth of field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" data-attachment-id=\"7702\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/depth-of-field\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/depth-of-field.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"depth-of-field\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/depth-of-field.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/depth-of-field.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/depth-of-field.jpg 500w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/depth-of-field-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/depth-of-field-300x450.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Three variables contribute to a deep or shallow depth of field. Adapted from illustrations in <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/photography0000lond\/mode\/2up\"><strong>Photography<\/strong><\/a> by Barbara London and John Upton, 1981 edition.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Depth of field mimics the way humans can focus on something closer or farther away. This creates a visual emphasis that suggests space and depth. We can usually access&nbsp;the depth of field&nbsp;parameters for a selected camera through settings, to turn it on or off, or to create DOF effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arnold_case_study\"><\/span>Arnold case study<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:67%\">\n<p>We ran another case study for the Arnold renderer. The depth of field settings are in a terrible and confusing place, as we can see in the illustration. Confusing because it overrides a more clearly expressed &#8220;Depth of field&#8221; drop-down in the same list, it isn&#8217;t even properly labeled. Can you find it? <em>Hint: look for DOF.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"733\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7704\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/dof-setup\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup.png\" data-orig-size=\"920,1286\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"dof-setup\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup-733x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup-733x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup-733x1024.png 733w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup-215x300.png 215w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup-768x1074.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup-300x419.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dof-setup.png 920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We created renders set at a focal distance of 7.75 units with a focus on the center ball. The shallowest DOF found at Aperture = 1.0. Still narrow at 0.5. At 0.1 still shallow but more realistic. At 0.05, still present but minor influence, a deep DOF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbbc10&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbbc10\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7706\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/0-5-shallow-dof\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0.5-shallow-dof\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5-shallow-dof-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>0.5 aperture size yields a very shallow DOF, approximating f\/1.4<\/em>?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbc168&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbc168\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7707\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/0-1-less-shallow-dof\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0.1-less-shallow-dof\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.1-less-shallow-dof-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><em>0.1 aperture size yields a deeper DOF, approximating f\/2.8?<\/em><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbc68c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbc68c\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7708\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/0-05-deeper-dof\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0.05-deeper-dof\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7708\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05-deeper-dof-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><em><em>0.05 aperture size yields even deeper DOF, approximating f\/5.6?<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Motion_blur\"><\/span>Motion blur<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>There is one final camera variable to explore: <strong>shutter speed<\/strong>. This closely relates to the aperture. At f\/16, a very tiny aperture, we need longer <strong>exposure times<\/strong>, thus the longer the shutter stays open. At f\/2.0, a wide aperture, we get more light faster, so we can afford quick shutter speeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During long exposure times, we capture a phenomenon called <strong>motion blur<\/strong> when an object in motion moves faster than the shutter can shut.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"494\" data-attachment-id=\"7713\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/motion-blur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur.png\" data-orig-size=\"2420,1168\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"motion-blur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-1024x494.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-1024x494.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-1024x494.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-768x371.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-1536x741.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/motion-blur-2048x988.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The longer the exposure time, the more pronounced the motion blur becomes. Adapted from illustrations in <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/photography0000lond\/mode\/2up\"><strong>Photography<\/strong><\/a> by Barbara London and John Upton, 1981 edition.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arnold_case_study-2\"><\/span>Arnold case study<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:67%\">\n<p>For our case study, we assigned a dark red rubber material to the front ball for visibility, then we set it in motion for 15 frames \u2014 one-half second if 30 frames equals one second. We set the speed to decelerate as it approaches frame 15, creating a <strong>slow-out<\/strong>. To render the blur, we <strong>Enable<\/strong> motion blur in the <strong>Render Settings<\/strong> dialog.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7716\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/render-settings-motion-blur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur.png\" data-orig-size=\"1430,2186\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"render-settings-motion-blur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-670x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-670x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-670x1024.png 670w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-196x300.png 196w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-768x1174.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-1005x1536.png 1005w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-1340x2048.png 1340w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur-300x459.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/render-settings-motion-blur.png 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, we do some work on the timeline. We select frame 8, halfway between the two keyframes seen at 1 and 15:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"717\" data-attachment-id=\"7717\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur.png\" data-orig-size=\"3208,2246\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-1024x717.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-1024x717.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-1024x717.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-1536x1075.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/keyframe_setup-for-motion-blur-2048x1434.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Back in Render Settings, we developed three different exposure times centered on frame 8 as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Short motion<\/strong> set for 2 frames: 2\/30 is equivalent to a 0.07-second exposure. We record motion from frames 7 to 9 for a small but visible amount of blur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medium motion<\/strong> set for 6 frames: 6\/30 is equivalent to a 0.2-second exposure. We record motion from frame 5 to frame 11. The slow-out means the ball is still blurry, it hasn&#8217;t stopped moving by 11 but it&#8217;s significantly slowing by that frame.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Long motion<\/strong> set for 15 frames, or a 0.5-second exposure. We see the motion as pronounced and blurrier, but this also captures the ball fully stopped.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbd33a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbd33a\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7718\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/0-05s-motion-blur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0.05s-motion-blur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.05s-motion-blur-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>0.07-second exposure<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbd889&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbd889\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7719\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/0-2s-motion-blur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0.2s-motion-blur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7719\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.2s-motion-blur-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>0.2-second exposure<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69f0ce5dbdd96&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69f0ce5dbdd96\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" data-attachment-id=\"7720\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/0-5s-motion-blur\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0.5s-motion-blur\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur-1024x576.jpg\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0.5s-motion-blur-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>0.5-second exposure<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>We should mention that if we animate the camera, there is a provision in the Render Settings to capture motion blur from camera movement as well!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shot_design\"><\/span>Shot design<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The manipulations just discussed yield certain kinds of &#8220;shots&#8221; conventionally defined in still photography and cinema. As you conceptualize a composition, it may be useful to keep these shot types in mind. From far to near, they are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1008\" height=\"818\" data-attachment-id=\"7614\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/moonrise\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/moonrise.webp\" data-orig-size=\"1008,818\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"moonrise\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/moonrise.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/moonrise.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/moonrise.webp 1008w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/moonrise-300x243.webp 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/moonrise-768x623.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1008px) 100vw, 1008px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.masters-of-photography.com\/A\/adams\/adams_moonrise_full.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ansel Adams<\/a>, <strong>Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico<\/strong>,&nbsp;1941<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extreme_long_shot\"><\/span>Extreme long shot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wide, panoramic view with emphasis on the environment as the subject itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focal length:<\/strong> short, 24-28mm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance from subject:<\/strong> far.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depth of field:<\/strong> usually deep.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aperture:<\/strong> depends on available light, but use the smallest to maximize depth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shutter:<\/strong> shortest possible given aperture, avoid motion blur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7616\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/alfredstieglitz_the_flat_iron\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"957,1962\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-499x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-499x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-499x1024.jpg 499w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-146x300.jpg 146w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-768x1575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-749x1536.jpg 749w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron-300x615.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/AlfredStieglitz_The_Flat_iron.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Stieglitz_Flat_iron_1903.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alfred Stieglitz<\/a>,&nbsp;<strong>Flat Iron Building, New York<\/strong>, 1903<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Long_shot\"><\/span>Long shot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wide view showing the interplay between subject and environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focal length:<\/strong> 50mm and under.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance from subject:<\/strong> far, but detail in the foreground is possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depth of field:<\/strong> usually, but not always, deep.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aperture:<\/strong> depends on available light, but try smaller to maximize depth unless DOF effects are desirable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shutter:<\/strong> shortest possible given aperture, avoid motion blur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1014\" data-attachment-id=\"7618\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/mapplethorpe-patti\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1454,1440\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"mapplethorpe-patti\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-1024x1014.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-1024x1014.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7618\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-1024x1014.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-300x297.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-768x761.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/mapplethorpe-patti.jpg 1454w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/artblart.wordpress.com\/2010\/08\/04\/exhibition-robert-mapplethorpe-at-nrw-forum-dusseldorf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Robert Mapplethorpe<\/a>,&nbsp;<strong>Patti Smith<\/strong>, 1975<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Middle_mid_shot\"><\/span>Middle (mid) shot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Full to more-than-half view of the human figure or inanimate subject shown in relationship to the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focal length:<\/strong> 30mm full figure to 80m waist-high.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance from subject:<\/strong> moderate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depth of field:<\/strong> subject within focal range.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aperture:<\/strong> light is controllable for interior shots so control this to achieve smaller values unless DOF effects are desirable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shutter:<\/strong> shortest possible given aperture, motion blur can sometimes be interesting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"7622\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/attachment\/90828\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"951,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"90828\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828-812x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828-812x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828-812x1024.jpg 812w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828-768x969.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828-300x379.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/90828.jpg 951w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.masters-of-photography.com\/W\/weston\/weston_pepper_number30_full.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edward Weston<\/a>,&nbsp;<strong>Pepper No. 30<\/strong>, 1930<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Closeup\"><\/span>Closeup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Subject dominant, with a minimal exposition of environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focal length:<\/strong> 80 to 150mm depending on scale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance from subject:<\/strong> close.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depth of field:<\/strong> lenses with these focal lengths have narrow ranges but the subject remains in focus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aperture:<\/strong> light is controllable for interior shots so control to achieve smaller values unless DOF effects are desirable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shutter:<\/strong> shortest possible given aperture, motion blur can sometimes be interesting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"788\" data-attachment-id=\"7624\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/manraytears\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears.png\" data-orig-size=\"1689,1299\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"manraytears\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears-1024x788.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears-1024x788.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7624\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears-1024x788.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears-768x591.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears-1536x1181.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/manraytears.png 1689w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/artblart.wordpress.com\/category\/man-ray\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Man Ray<\/a>,&nbsp;<strong>Larmes&nbsp;(Tears)<\/strong>, 1930<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extreme_closeup\"><\/span>Extreme closeup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Detail\u00a0<em>within<\/em> the subject, little to no environment shown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focal length:<\/strong> 150mm or greater.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance from subject:<\/strong> inches.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depth of field:<\/strong> intrinsically narrow at this focal length so the subject can fall outside of focal range unless kept perpendicular to the camera view.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aperture:<\/strong> light is controllable for interior shots so control to achieve smaller unless extreme DOF effects are desirable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shutter:<\/strong> shortest possible given aperture, motion blur can sometimes be interesting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>15-minute read Light and material Still&nbsp;or&nbsp;single-frame rendering&nbsp;treats the output from the program much like a still photograph. If you&#8217;ve ever set yourself up for a photo shoot, you know several things already about setting this up in modeling software. The amount and direction of light, control of the background, and where you place your camera&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paralleluniverses"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CHAPTER 15 | Metaphors to Photography - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chapter 15 Metaphors to Photography: Light, point of view, and the modeled camera compared to physical photography with case study renderings.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CHAPTER 15 | Metaphors to Photography - 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