{"id":636,"date":"2023-07-18T01:56:30","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T01:56:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=636"},"modified":"2024-01-14T11:03:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-14T11:03:07","slug":"looking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/","title":{"rendered":"Looking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/2d-digital-art\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"15\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/campfire300\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"campfire300\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/2d-digital-art\/\">2D digital art<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/13-ways\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"904\" data-attachment-id=\"72\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/2d-digital-art\/thirteenways\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"905,904\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"thirteenWays\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:contain;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays.jpg 905w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays-768x767.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/thirteenWays-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/newmediawiki.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/126444299\/mandala\"><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/13-ways\/\">2 | 13ways<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"259\" data-attachment-id=\"620\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/13-ways\/wallacestevens\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/wallacestevens.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"259,259\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"wallacestevens\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/wallacestevens.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/wallacestevens.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-620\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/wallacestevens.jpg 259w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/wallacestevens-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/wallacestevens-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>looking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f12585a236b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f12585a236b\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Thirteen_Ways_of_Looking_at_a_Blackbird\" >Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Ways_of_Seeing_Representation_Abstraction_and_Non-objectivity\" >Ways of Seeing: Representation, Abstraction, and Non-objectivity<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Cubism_Dada_De_Stijl\" >Cubism, Dada, De Stijl<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Under_the_influence\" >Under the influence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Dada\" >Dada<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#De_Stijl\" >De Stijl<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Oppositions\" >Oppositions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#The_curious_case_of_Theo_van_Doesburg\" >The curious case of Theo van Doesburg<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#From_blackbirds_to_cows\" >From blackbirds to cows<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Representation_Abstraction_Non-Objectivity\" >Representation, Abstraction, Non-Objectivity<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Meaning_or_being\" >Meaning, or being?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/#Thirteen_ways_of_looking_at_Thirteen_Ways_of_Looking_at_a_Blackbird\" >Thirteen ways of looking at Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"695\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"637\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/695px-illustration_from_birds_of_america_1827_by_john_james_audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"695,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Raven from Birds of America (1827) by John James Audubon (1785 - 1851), etched by Robert Havell (1793 - 1878). The original Birds of America is the most expensive printed book in the world and a truly awe-inspiring classic.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Raven from Birds of America (1827) by John James Audubon (1785 &amp;#8211; 1851), etched by Robert Havell (1793 &amp;#8211; 1878). The original Birds of America is the most expensive printed book in the world and a truly awe-inspiring classic.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101.jpg 695w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/695px-Illustration_from_Birds_of_America_1827_by_John_James_Audubon_digitally_enhanced_by_rawpixel-com_101-300x442.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 695px) 100vw, 695px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Raven<\/strong> from <strong>Birds of America<\/strong> (1827) by John James Audubon<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thirteen_Ways_of_Looking_at_a_Blackbird\"><\/span><strong>Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In our first vector art project, we&#8217;ll be creating a graphic work inspired by the poem below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/strong> <sup><a href=\"#footnote_1_636\" id=\"identifier_1_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Stevens, Wallace. &quot;Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird.&quot; 1917. The Academy of American Poets, 23 December 2009, www.poets.org\/poetsorg\/poem\/thirteen-ways-looking-blackbird.\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Wallace Steven<\/em>s<br><em>1917<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Among twenty snowy mountains,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The only moving thing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Was the eye of the blackbird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>II<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">I was of three minds,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Like a tree<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">In which there are three blackbirds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>III<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">It was a small part of the pantomime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>IV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">A man and a woman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Are one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">A man and a woman and a blackbird<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Are one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">I do not know which to prefer,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The beauty of inflections<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Or the beauty of innuendoes,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The blackbird whistling<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Or just after.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Icicles filled the long window<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">With barbaric glass.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The shadow of the blackbird<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Crossed it, to and fro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The mood<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Traced in the shadow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">An indecipherable cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VII<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">O thin men of Haddam,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Why do you imagine golden birds?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Do you not see how the blackbird<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Walks around the feet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Of the women about you?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>VIII<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">I know noble accents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">And lucid, inescapable rhythms;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">But I know, too,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">That the blackbird is involved<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">In what I know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>IX<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">When the blackbird flew out of sight,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">It marked the edge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Of one of many circles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>X<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">At the sight of blackbirds<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Flying in a green light,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Even the bawds of euphony<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Would cry out sharply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>XI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">He rode over Connecticut<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">In a glass coach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Once, a fear pierced him,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">In that he mistook<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The shadow of his equipage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">For blackbirds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>XII<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The river is moving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The blackbird must be flying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>XIII<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">It was evening all afternoon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">It was snowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">And it was going to snow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The blackbird sat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">In the cedar-limbs.<br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ways_of_Seeing_Representation_Abstraction_and_Non-objectivity\"><\/span>Ways of Seeing: Representation, Abstraction, and Non-objectivity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cubism_Dada_De_Stijl\"><\/span>Cubism, Dada, De Stijl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>What do old art movements have to do with poems about blackbirds? They can help us understand ways of looking at them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not only are there interesting interpersonal links between Stevens and the artists of the European avant-garde, but they all share an overriding modern interest in the function of a device we call <strong>abstraction<\/strong>. Abstraction\u2026 in poetry? Critic Holland Cotter shows us the origins of Stevens&#8217;s evolution into a master of modernist abstraction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Stevens&#8217;s interest in modern art is a matter of record. Although he spent most of his adult life as an insurance executive in Hartford, he was in New York in 1913 when an American avant-garde coalesced after the Armory show. While writing his first book of poetry, he frequented the salon of Walter Arensberg, a college friend who had amassed a ground-breaking collection of advanced European art, which included the work of Picasso and Duchamp.<\/p>\n<cite>Holland Cotter <sup><a href=\"#footnote_2_636\" id=\"identifier_2_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Cotter, Holland. &quot;ART REVIEW; The Umbilical Kinship of Painters and Poets.&quot; The New York Times, 24 March 1995, www.nytimes.com\/1995\/03\/24\/books\/art-review-the-umbilical-kinship-of-painters-and-poets.html.\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"693\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"659\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/picasso_the-poet\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1354,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;\\u00a9 Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York.  All Rights Reserved.&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"picasso_the-poet\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-693x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-693x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-693x1024.jpg 693w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-768x1134.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-1040x1536.jpg 1040w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet-300x443.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/picasso_the-poet.jpg 1354w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pablo Picasso<\/em>, <em>The Poet<\/em>, <em>1911<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Under_the_influence\"><\/span>Under the influence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the influence of these artists, Stevens creates an expressive language akin to <strong>Cubism<\/strong>&#8216;s visual world. As Robert Buttel observes, the title of our poem, <strong>Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/strong>, \u201calludes humorously to the Cubists&#8217; practice of incorporating into unity and stasis a number of possible views of the subject observed.\u201d <sup><a href=\"#footnote_3_636\" id=\"identifier_3_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Buttel, Robert. Wallace Stevens: The Making of Harmonium. Princeton University Press, 2015. p. 165.\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Blackbird<\/strong> uses language that evokes images. Contrast (blackness of the bird, whiteness of snow), scale (a mountain juxtaposed with the eye of a bird), repetition and pattern (twenty snowy mountains)\u2014almost every word in the poem suggests a way of seeing the world not unlike that of a painter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dada\"><\/span>Dada<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Arensberg&#8217;s collection contained not only many Cubist works by Picasso but also many works by our friend Duchamp, who at the time was loosely associated with the movement known as\u00a0<strong>Dada<\/strong>. Dada can be seen as one side of the coin that was tossed at the kickoff of World War I. Humanity\u2019s first experiment in mechanized mass murder left European civilization without the moral compass that had guided it since the Enlightenment. Artists, among others, concluded the application of industry to needless war could in some manner be blamed on the framework of Enlightenment rationalism. Dada was a satirical movement that asserted the only antidote was anti-art because total destruction was the fault of the establishment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"De_Stijl\"><\/span>De Stijl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The other side of the coin flowered into movements such as\u00a0<strong>De Stijl<\/strong>, a Dutch group dedicated to rebuilding society from scratch by integrating art and design into one grand utopian vision. We can credit De Stilj\u2019s distaste for \u201cthe pretentious elitist design aesthetics of the pre-war era\u201d to the influence of Dada, but the roots of its visual vocabulary of color and shape are found in pre-war Cubism. <sup><a href=\"#footnote_4_636\" id=\"identifier_4_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-identifier-link\" title=\"Jirousek, Charlotte. &quot;De Stijl.&quot; Art, Design, and Visual Thinking, 1995, char.txa.cornell.edu\/art\/decart\/destijl\/decstijl.htm\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oppositions\"><\/span>Oppositions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In the typographic design of their journals seen below, compare expressions of Dada\u2019s chaos-as-order nihilism to De Stijl\u2019s precise utopian order. Both challenged European establishment and both sought any means to do so, from painting to performance, poetry to graphic design. But the movements seem to reflect opposing points of aesthetic departure\u2026 right?&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"941\" data-attachment-id=\"661\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/dada\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/dada.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"585,941\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1348772377&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"dada\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/dada.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/dada.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/dada.jpg 585w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/dada-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/dada-300x483.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cover, M\u00e9cano, a Dada journal<\/em><br><em>Edited by I. K. Bonset<\/em><br><em>(Theo van Doesburg)<\/em><br><em>1920, Number 3<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"662\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/destijl\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/destijl.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"373,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"destijl\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/destijl.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/destijl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/destijl.jpg 373w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/destijl-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/destijl-300x402.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Vilmos Husz\u00e1r, Cover, De Stijl<\/em><br><em>Edited by Theo van Doesburg<\/em><br><em>Vol. 1, no. 1 (Delft, October 1917)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_curious_case_of_Theo_van_Doesburg\"><\/span>The curious case of Theo van Doesburg<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8230; well, maybe. But consider the double life of the Dutch artist Theo van Doesburg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Van Doesburg was the more extroverted co-founder of De Stijl alongside the more restrained, monkish Piet Mondrian. At the same time, Van Doesburg developed an alter ego, I. K. Bonset (an anagram for \u201cik ben zot,\u201d meaning \u201cI\u2019m nuts\u201d in Dutch). Bonset indulged in Dada writings which attempted to give words new power of expression by nullifying their original meanings. Instead of simply describing reality, he tried to conjure a new reality from an existing form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s not hard to see van Doesburg approaching the same goal using some radically different means. It is&nbsp;<strong>abstraction<\/strong>, the unleashing of form from the grip of representation, that Dada and De Stijl shared. Abstraction is the game that reconciles the precision of De Stijl with the dirty tricks of Dada\u2026 and it\u2019s the first important lesson history holds for us as we approach ways of looking at blackbirds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_blackbirds_to_cows\"><\/span>From blackbirds to cows<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Van Doesburg gives us a key to understanding ways of seeing using, of all things, a cow, done around the same time as Stevens&#8217;s poem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-tiled-gallery is-style-columns\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__gallery\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__row\"><div class=\"tiled-gallery__col\" style=\"flex-basis:36.76152%\"><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"669\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,363\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;From representation&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"669\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,363\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;From representation&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Open image 1 of 5 in full-screen\"srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=500&#038;ssl=1 500w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"363\" data-id=\"669\" data-link=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?attachment_id=669\" data-url=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg\" data-width=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow1.jpg?ssl=1\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"668\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,285\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230; through structure&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"668\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"400,285\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230; through structure&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Open image 2 of 5 in full-screen\"srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=400&#038;ssl=1 400w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"285\" data-id=\"668\" data-link=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?attachment_id=668\" data-url=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg\" data-width=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow2.jpg?ssl=1\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"667\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,370\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230;to find abstraction&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"667\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,370\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230;to find abstraction&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Open image 3 of 5 in full-screen\"srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=500&#038;ssl=1 500w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"370\" data-id=\"667\" data-link=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?attachment_id=667\" data-url=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg\" data-width=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow3.jpg?ssl=1\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"tiled-gallery__col\" style=\"flex-basis:63.23848%\"><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"666\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,339\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230; and through color&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"666\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,339\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230; and through color&amp;#8230;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Open image 4 of 5 in full-screen\"srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=500&#038;ssl=1 500w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"339\" data-id=\"666\" data-link=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?attachment_id=666\" data-url=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg\" data-width=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow4.jpg?ssl=1\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><figure class=\"tiled-gallery__item\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"665\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1175\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230; to arrive at a non-objective expression.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg\" data-attachment-id=\"665\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1175\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8230; to arrive at a non-objective expression.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Open image 5 of 5 in full-screen\"srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=600&#038;ssl=1 600w,https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=900&#038;ssl=1 900w,https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1200&#038;ssl=1 1200w,https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1500&#038;ssl=1 1500w,https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=1800&#038;ssl=1 1800w,https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?strip=info&#038;w=2000&#038;ssl=1 2000w\" alt=\"\" data-height=\"1175\" data-id=\"665\" data-link=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?attachment_id=665\" data-url=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg\" data-width=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-1024x602.jpg?ssl=1\" data-amp-layout=\"responsive\"\/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Theo van Doesburg, Studies and final image for&nbsp;<strong>Composition (the Cow)<\/strong>, 1916-7<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>At left, starting at the top with representation, we arrive at abstraction.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>At right, applying color to abstraction becomes the key to creating a non-objective expression in the final work at the bottom.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through a systematic process of distillation and a gradual but eventually relentless introduction of geometric structures, van Doesburg neatly encapsulates how artists express various ways of seeing: <strong>Representation<\/strong>, <strong>Abstraction<\/strong>, and<strong> Non-Objectivity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Representation_Abstraction_Non-Objectivity\"><\/span>Representation, Abstraction, Non-Objectivity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand these ways of seeing better, it helps to understand where meaning is generated\u2014or not\u2014in art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The terms <strong>subject<\/strong> and <strong>object<\/strong> are jargon that have specific meanings depending on the context. In grammar, the subject of the sentence is the active noun (the &#8220;thing doing something&#8221;) and the object is the passive (the &#8220;thing to which something is done&#8221;). In psychology, the subject is a consciousness in a relationship with something outside itself, known as the object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>For art, the subject\/object relationship\u2014how (or whether) meaning is made\u2014is conditional on the means of expression. So, add the actual thing &#8220;cow&#8221; (we&#8217;ll call this&nbsp;<strong>Not-Art<\/strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>~Art<\/strong>) to van Doesburg&#8217;s evolution and this matrix emerges:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1734\" height=\"1859\" data-attachment-id=\"681\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/cow-matrix\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix.png\" data-orig-size=\"1734,1859\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cow-matrix\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix-955x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-681\" style=\"object-fit:contain;width:560px;height:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix.png 1734w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix-280x300.png 280w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix-955x1024.png 955w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix-768x823.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix-1433x1536.png 1433w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/cow-matrix-300x322.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1734px) 100vw, 1734px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meaning_or_being\"><\/span>Meaning, or being?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>~Art<\/strong>&nbsp;| Object \u21d4 Object. Simply, a thing, with no artistic intervention. It is pointless to ask &#8220;What is the cow about?&#8221; because a cow is not &#8220;about&#8221; anything. There is no &#8220;subject.&#8221; Pure objectivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Representational Art<\/strong>&nbsp;| Object \u21d2 Subject. Realism: that is, recognizable things from the world, with the representation of things becoming the subject of the work. It makes sense to ask &#8220;What is the work about?&#8221; &#8230; with the answer being &#8220;The work is about the cow.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Abstract Art<\/strong>&nbsp;| Subject \u21d2 Object. Recognizable but highly distilled things, emphasizing a particular artist&#8217;s perceived essence of said things. Thus, the artist&#8217;s subjective experience is what becomes represented in the work. It makes sense to ask &#8220;What is the work about?&#8221; &#8230; but now with the answer being a more nuanced &#8220;The work is about the artist&#8217;s perceived essence of the cow.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Objective Art<\/strong>&nbsp;| Subject \u21d4 Subject. A hermetic work in which an entirely subjective perception is the subject of the work. Nothing is recognizably represented in an entirely self-referential act of making. As with the real cow (~Art), it is pointless to ask &#8220;What is the work about?&#8221; because the work simply &#8220;is.&#8221; Pure subjectivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this project, we won&#8217;t go after realism, like the Audubon work illustrated at the very beginning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And we won&#8217;t go for non-objectivity: we&#8217;ll save that for another project!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this work, we will attempt to create a work of&nbsp;<strong>Abstract Art<\/strong>: a document expressing your perceptions of the Stevens poem. Thus, it would be inaccurate to say &#8220;The work is about the poem.&#8221; Rather, we&#8217;ll say &#8220;The work is about the artist&#8217;s perception of the poem.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thirteen_ways_of_looking_at_Thirteen_Ways_of_Looking_at_a_Blackbird\"><\/span>Thirteen ways of looking at Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For  inspiration, here is a look at thirteen artists who have looked at&nbsp;<strong>Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>installation artist&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/art-poetry.info\/?p=240\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Holly Crawford<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.art-poetry.info\/id14.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>woodcut printmaker&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/anotherbb\/2009\/04\/wallace_stevensmichael_spaffor.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michael Spafford<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>printmaker&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.joancolbert.com\/gallery\/prints\/thirteenways\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Joan Colbert<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.joancolbert.com\/gallery\/prints\/thirteenways\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>Joellyn Rock\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/joellynrock.com\/kevinmchale_blackbird\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">graphic design students<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>new media artist&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/edwardpicot.com\/thirteenways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edward Picot<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edwardpicot.com\/thirteenways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>a sample of music by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/album\/thirteen-ways-of-looking-at-a-blackbird-music-for-recorder-string-quartet-mw0001831766\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">David Forshaw<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in Spanish with illustrations by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160406073858\/http:\/\/donyorty.com\/blog\/2015\/04\/18\/13-ways-of-looking-at-a-blackbird-by-wallace-stevens-with-drawings-and-spanish-translation-by-francisco-toledo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Francisco Toledo<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scene4.com\/archivesqv6\/2014\/may-2014\/0514\/lissatylerrenaud0514.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>linocuts by&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnsteil.com\/id3.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">John Steil<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>photography by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sheilanewbery.wordpress.com\/tag\/blackbirds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sheila Newbery<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>music by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2FGfMJGYzXc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">John Hopkins<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>placemat drawings by&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/elanaamity.com\/portfolio\/thirteen-ways-of-looking-at-a-blackbird-i\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Elana Amity<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>illustration as tarot cards by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.behance.net\/gallery\/80389647\/13-Ways-of-Looking-at-a-Blackbird\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Picaboo Oebker<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ink wash by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160308020148\/http:\/\/portfolios.sva.edu\/gallery\/7848959\/Wallace-Stevens-Poetry-Book\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Valentina Chung<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#dddddd\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em><strong>David Forshaw&#8217;s suite: Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<audio controls>\n  <source src=\"http:\/\/www.personal.psu.edu\/wrc11\/social_media\/forshaw_thirteen_ways_sample.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\nYour browser does not support the audio element.\n<\/audio>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the above works are identifiable as Representational Art? Abstract Art? Non-Objective Art?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol class=\"footnotes\"><li id=\"footnote_1_636\" class=\"footnote\">Stevens, Wallace. &#8220;Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird.&#8221; 1917. The Academy of American Poets, 23 December 2009, www.poets.org\/poetsorg\/poem\/thirteen-ways-looking-blackbird.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_1_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_2_636\" class=\"footnote\">Cotter, Holland. &#8220;ART REVIEW; The Umbilical Kinship of Painters and Poets.&#8221; The New York Times, 24 March 1995, www.nytimes.com\/1995\/03\/24\/books\/art-review-the-umbilical-kinship-of-painters-and-poets.html.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_2_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_3_636\" class=\"footnote\">Buttel, Robert. Wallace Stevens: The Making of Harmonium. Princeton University Press, 2015. p. 165.<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_3_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><li id=\"footnote_4_636\" class=\"footnote\">Jirousek, Charlotte. &#8220;De Stijl.&#8221; Art, Design, and Visual Thinking, 1995, char.txa.cornell.edu\/art\/decart\/destijl\/decstijl.htm<span class=\"footnote-back-link-wrapper\">[<a href=\"#identifier_4_636\" class=\"footnote-link footnote-back-link\">&#8617;<\/a>]<\/span><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2D digital art 2 | 13ways looking Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird In our first vector art project, we&#8217;ll be creating a graphic work inspired by the poem below. Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird 1 Wallace Stevens1917 I Among twenty snowy mountains, The only moving thing Was the eye of the&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2d-digital-art","category-references"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Looking - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"13 ways of looking at a blackbird: a visual art project based on the famous Wallace Stevens poem of the same name.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/looking\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Looking - 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