{"id":4452,"date":"2023-11-21T03:10:44","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T03:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=4452"},"modified":"2024-01-10T18:19:06","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T18:19:06","slug":"weborigins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/","title":{"rendered":"webOrigins"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/4d-media\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"420\" data-attachment-id=\"17\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/manraytrans\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/manraytrans.gif\" data-orig-size=\"420,420\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"manraytrans\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/manraytrans.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/manraytrans.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/4d-media\/\">4D media<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/concretepoetry\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"617\" height=\"640\" data-attachment-id=\"146\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/4d-media\/concretepoetry\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/concretePoetry.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"617,640\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"concretePoetry\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/concretePoetry.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/concretePoetry.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/concretePoetry.jpg 617w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/concretePoetry-289x300.jpg 289w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/concretePoetry-300x311.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 617px) 100vw, 617px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/concretepoetry\/\">3 | concrete poetry<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"547\" data-attachment-id=\"3815\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/concretepoetry\/first_server\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"547,547\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 5D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1202530675&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"first_server\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3815\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg 547w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>webOrigins<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f10f64825a4\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f10f64825a4\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#Web_origins\" >Web origins<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#Perspective\" >Perspective<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#Introduction_to_the_Web\" >Introduction to the Web<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#Multimedia_From_Wagner_to_Virtual_Reality_w2vr\" >Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality (w2vr)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#Critiques_of_the_internet_from_the_internet_it_critiques\" >Critiques of the internet, from the internet it critiques<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#Programming_Truisms\" >Programming Truisms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#The_Future_of_the_Novel\" >The Future of the Novel<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"547\" data-attachment-id=\"3815\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/concretepoetry\/first_server\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"547,547\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 5D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1202530675&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.033333333333333&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"first_server\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3815\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server.jpg 547w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/first_server-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><em>Sticker identifying a computer, used by Sir Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, as the world&#8217;s first web server: &#8220;This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!<\/em><\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Web_origins\"><\/span>Web origins<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Where did the World Wide Web come from? Some might say from the mind, and the server seen above, of Sir Tim Berners-Lee, who just wanted a simple way to share stuff at CERN, the Conseil Europ\u00e9en pour la Recherche Nucl\u00e9aire (European Organization for Nuclear Research).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But like anything else, the answer is more complex and surprising than you think, involving a cast of characters ranging from European physicists to the American military to a Beatnik novelist. The origin story for the web is as complex as the web itself!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Perspective\"><\/span>Perspective<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a read-and-reflect exercise for the blog. While we will jump through many resources explaining the origins of multimedia, the majority of this exercise involves hypertexting through a history lesson brought to you by Randall Packer and Ken Jordan. Their companion book,&nbsp;<strong>Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality, Expanded Edition&nbsp;<\/strong>(W. W. Norton, 2002, ISBN-10: 0393323757) is well integrated into the website. It&#8217;s well worth the money on&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/exec\/obidos\/tg\/detail\/-\/0393323757\/qid=1039184609\/sr=1-2\/ref=sr_1_2\/103-5107547-3447064?v=glance&amp;s=books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amazon<\/a><\/strong>. It is an essential read despite its vintage \u2014 but <strong>please<\/strong>, authors: a sequel to include the rise of social media and generative AI! You can read some excerpts at&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=adtKCdwzwqIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google Books<\/a><\/strong>. But first, some context&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_the_Web\"><\/span>Introduction to the Web<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/#The_Future_of_the_Novel\">The Future of the Novel<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;by William Burroughs. New media critics credit Burroughs with describing the phenomenology of hypertext decades before it becomes a common reality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/info.cern.ch\/hypertext\/WWW\/TheProject.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the world&#8217;s first World Wide Web page<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/info.cern.ch\/hypertext\/WWW\/TheProject.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>, first&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/History\/1989\/proposal-msw.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">proposed<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140314003854\/https:\/\/line-mode.cern.ch\/www\/hypertext\/WWW\/TheProject.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ARCHIVE of a display emulating the terminal used to access it<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elon.edu\/u\/imagining\/time-capsule\/early-90s\/internet-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Imagining the Internet\u2019s Quick Look at the Early History of the Internet<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;from Elon University.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.visualcomplexity.com\/vc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">visual complexity<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;by Manuel Lima allows you to sample a variety of networked phenomena visualizations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opte.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Opte Project<\/a><\/strong> by Barrett Lyon for incredible visualizations of the routing networks of the Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/internet-map.net\/\">The Internet Map<\/a><\/strong> by Ruslan Enikeev, a visualization of websites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, onto Packer and Jordan. A word of warning: the site is old and difficult to read&#8230; but as a documentation of the history of multimedia through the early 21st Century, it is as relevant today as it was 20 years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multimedia_From_Wagner_to_Virtual_Reality_w2vr\"><\/span>Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality (w2vr)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/overture.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Overture<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/prologue.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prologue<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/birth.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Birth of a New Medium<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/integration.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Integration of the Arts<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/looking.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Through the Looking Glass<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/datawork.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Integrated Datawork<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/future.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Future is Under Construction<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In case of fire or defunct links above: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150215060242\/http:\/\/www.w2vr.com\/overture\/overture.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ARCHIVED VERSION HERE (TEXT ONLY)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Largely absent from all of the material encountered thus far is a real <em>critique<\/em> of the Internet. So, for balance&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critiques_of_the_internet_from_the_internet_it_critiques\"><\/span>Critiques of the internet, from the internet it critiques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200111141720\/http:\/\/www.internetisshit.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The internet is s***<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/slowmedia.typepad.com\/slow-media\/2010\/03\/group-urges-unplugging-to-take-back-sabbath.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unplugging for a day of rest<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201111195432\/https:\/\/www.ozy.com\/fast-forward\/the-revenge-of-dial-up-internet\/75471\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The slow web movement<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/11\/05\/inventor-of-the-web-says-the-internet-is-at-a-tipping-point-and-reveals-a-new-plan-to-fix-it.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;I was wrong&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>After your reading, reflect on this history in a blog post. What surprises you about the history of multimedia? What connections or interests do you have that intersect multimedia in ways you didn&#8217;t realize before? Is multimedia all it&#8217;s cracked up to be? What is, or what should be, the relationship of art to multimedia? And will Tim Berners-Lee be able to save his invention, which he thinks has now reached a terrible tipping point?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Programming_Truisms\"><\/span>Programming Truisms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After your reflective writing, and before we start our coding exercises for HTML, JS, and CSS, remember these truisms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Programming is always 99% self-taught. All the stuff you learn in this course, you&#8217;re going to relearn on your own when working on a real project.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Debugging is never simple. A 0 where an O should be, a single-quote instead of a double-quote, a colon instead of a semi-colon, or a capital I where a 1 or a lower-case l should be can take a week to find.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There&#8217;s too much controversy about which language is &#8220;better&#8221; for x or y. Users want to see a working image rollover, not a working HTML (or CSS, or JS) image rollover. The language doesn&#8217;t matter. Solving the problem does.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Well-commented code is a personal survival tactic, not simply a courtesy to whoever encounters it next. Six months from now, you will not recognize your own code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Programming is addictive. Once you know code it&#8217;s hard to visit a site without mentally visualizing what that the code must be.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Programming is fun. But the fun only begins once you \u201cget it.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>[Editor&#8217;s note: the following text is cited by some media authorities as the first description of the phenomenology of the hyperlink]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Future_of_the_Novel\"><\/span>The Future of the Novel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In my writing i am acting as a map maker, an explorer of psychic areas, to use the phrase of Mr Alexander Trocchi, as a cosmonaut of inter space, and i see no point in exploring areas that have already been thoroughly surveyed \u2014 A Russian scientist has said: \u201cWe will travel not only in space but in time as well \u2014 \u201cThat is to travel in space is to travel in time \u2014 If writers are to travel in space time and explore areas opened by the space age, i think they must develop techniques quite as new and definite as the techniques of physical space travel \u2014 Certainly if writing is to have a future it must at least catch up with the past and learn to use techniques that have been used for some time past in painting, music and film \u2014 Mr Laurence Durrell has led the way in developing a new form of writing with time and space shifts as we see events from different viewpoints and realize that so seen they are literally not the same events, and that the old concepts of time and reality are no longer valid \u2014 Brion Gysin, an American painter living in Paris, has used what he calls \u2018the cut up method\u2019 to place at the disposal of writers the collage used in painting for fifty years \u2014 Pages of text are cut and rearranged to form new combinations of word and image \u2014 In writing my last two novels, Nova Express and The Ticket That Exploded, i have used an extension of the cut up method i call \u2018the fold in method\u2019 \u2014 A page of text \u2014 my own or some one elses \u2014 is folded down the middle and placed on another page \u2014 The composite text is then read across half one text and half the other \u2014 The fold in method extends to writing the flash back used in films, enabling the writer to move backwards and forewards on his time track \u2014 For example i take page one and fold it into page one hundred \u2014 I insert the resulting composite as page ten \u2014 When the reader reads page ten he is flashing forwards in time to page one hundred and back in time to page one \u2014 The deja vue phenomena can so be produced to order \u2014 (This method is of course used in music where we are continually moved backwards and foreward on the time track by repetition and rearrangements of musical themes \u2014<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>In using the fold in method I edit delete and rearrange as in any other method of composition \u2014 I have frequently had the experience of writing some pages of straight narrative text which were then folded in with other pages and found that the fold ins were clearer and more comprehensible than the original texts \u2014 Perfectly clear narrative prose can be produced using the fold in method \u2014 Best results are usually obtained by placing pages dealing with similar subjects in juxtaposition \u2014<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>What does any writer do but choose, edit and rearrange material at his disposal? \u2014 The fold in method gives the writer literally infinite extension of choice \u2014 Take for example a page of Rimbaud folded into a page of St John Perse \u2014 (two poets who have much in common) \u2014 From two pages an infinite number of combinations and images are possible \u2014 The method could also lead to a collaboration between writers on an unprecedented scale to produce works that were the composite effort of any number of writers living and dead \u2014 This happens in fact as soon as any writer starts using the fold in method \u2014 I have made and used fold ins from Shakespeare, Rimbaud, from newspapers, magazines, conversations and letters so that the novels i have written using this method are in fact composites of many writers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I would like to emphasize that this is a technique and like any technique will, of course, be useful to some writers and not to others \u2014 In any case a matter for experimentation not argument \u2014 The confering writers have been accused by the press of not paying sufficient attention to the question of human survival \u2014 In Nova Express \u2014 (reference is to an exploding planet) and my latest novel The Ticket That Exploded i am primarily concerned with the question of survival \u2013, with nova conspiracies, nova criminals, and nova police \u2014 A new mythology is possible in the space age where we will again have heroes and villains with respect to intentions toward this planet.<\/em><\/p>\n<cite><em>\u2014William Burroughs,&nbsp;1964<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4D media 3 | concrete poetry webOrigins Sticker identifying a computer, used by Sir Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, as the world&#8217;s first web server: &#8220;This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!&#8220; Web origins Where did the World Wide Web come from? Some might say from the mind, and the server seen above,&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4d-media","category-references"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>webOrigins - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Web Origins: From Wagner&#039;s Gesamtkunstwerk to the advent of virtual reality, we explore the strange origin story of the Internet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/weborigins\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"webOrigins - 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