{"id":3234,"date":"2023-08-23T12:44:50","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T12:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=3234"},"modified":"2024-01-12T01:20:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T01:20:52","slug":"multiples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/2d-digital-art\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"15\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/campfire300\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"campfire300\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/2d-digital-art\/\">2D digital art<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/variations\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" data-attachment-id=\"75\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/2d-digital-art\/variations\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/variations.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"240,240\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"variations\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/variations.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/variations.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-75\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/variations.jpg 240w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/variations-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/variations-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/variations\/\">5 | variations<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"590\" data-attachment-id=\"2198\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/variations\/multiples\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"590,590\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"multiples\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2198\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg 590w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>multiples<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f129c568f8f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f129c568f8f\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Clones_copies_variations\" >Clones, copies, variations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Out_of_one_image_many\" >Out of one image, many<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Working_serially\" >Working serially<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Working_a_process\" >Working a process<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Out_of_many_images_one\" >Out of many images, one<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Polyptych\" >Polyptych<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Diptych\" >Diptych<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#Joining\" >Joining<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"590\" data-attachment-id=\"2198\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/variations\/multiples\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"590,590\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"multiples\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2198\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg 590w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Picasso&#8217;a Le Taureau series&#8230; see below<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Clones_copies_variations\"><\/span>Clones, copies, variations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the nature of digital material that it can be cloned, copied, and multiplied: download an artwork from the Internet, and the 0s and 1s in the binary code are identical to the file on the server it came from. Variation, repetition, and multiples in art are a time-honored idea. You will exploit Photoshop\u2019s manipulation, repetition, cloning, and masking capabilities in a project designed to employ multiple-image-making strategies found in several art contexts throughout history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Out_of_one_image_many\"><\/span>Out of one image, many<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_serially\"><\/span>Working serially<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern art\u2019s love affair with variation began with Impressionism. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudemonetgallery.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Claude Monet<\/a> was famous for visiting&nbsp;cathedrals,&nbsp;trees,&nbsp;and&nbsp;grain stacks&nbsp;at different seasons and times of day to capture the fleeting changes of light that are the hallmark of Impressionist analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"645\" data-attachment-id=\"3236\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/monet_hay\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay.png\" data-orig-size=\"1151,725\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"monet_hay\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-1024x645.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-1024x645.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-1024x645.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay-768x484.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/monet_hay.png 1151w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Claude Monet, sample selections from the Grain Stacks series, 1888-91<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_a_process\"><\/span>Working a process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While Monet had to start fresh in everything but memory with each new haystack painting, Picasso exploited the working properties of lithography to achieve variations on&nbsp;his image of a bull. Drawing on a litho stone allows for great ability to erase and remake one image right on top of another\u2026 almost like editing of layers in Photoshop. Read Picasso\u2019s master printmaker <a href=\"http:\/\/mourlot.free.fr\/english\/fmtaureau.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fernand Mourlot\u2019s<\/a> account of the process.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"590\" data-attachment-id=\"2198\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/variations\/multiples\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"590,590\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"multiples\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2198\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:contain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples.jpg 590w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multiples-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><em>Pablo Picasso, 11 successive states of the lithographic plate for Le Taureau, 1945-46<\/em><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The modernist take on variation was all about expressing graphic essences of color or geometry. When <a href=\"http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/john\/hd_john.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jasper Johns<\/a> got hold of a subject, painting was no longer an issue of expression, but a means to defamiliarize a ubiquitous graphic element. In his flag paintings, we find an example of the&nbsp;<em>modus operandi<\/em>&nbsp;he inscribed in his <a href=\"http:\/\/www.3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2008\/03\/take-an-object.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sketchbook<\/a>: \u201cTake an object. Do something to it. Do something else to it.\u201d These <a href=\"https:\/\/stuffandnonsense.co.uk\/blog\/about\/jasper_johns_flag_at_moma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">richly layered<\/a> encaustic (wax-based) paintings belie their graphic origins.&nbsp;Like Duchamp below, Johns defies category. His use of common icons of culture associates him with Pop, but his strategies ally more with the conscious control of Conceptual art. Conceptual and Pop art could not be more epistemologically distant, but they share a common ancestor in Johns.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" data-attachment-id=\"3237\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/johns_flag\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag.png\" data-orig-size=\"1156,780\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"johns_flag\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag-1024x691.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag-1024x691.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag-1024x691.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag-768x518.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/johns_flag.png 1156w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Jasper Johns, clockwise from top left: Flag, White Flag, Moratorium, Three Flags, 1954-69<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Out_of_many_images_one\"><\/span>Out of many images, one<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polyptych\"><\/span>Polyptych<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some artworks are made up of more than one artwork. A <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyptych\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">polyptych<\/a><\/strong> is a way of transcending limitations of workable size,&nbsp;developing a narrative like a storyboard or comic book, creating tension, or otherwise making a whole greater than the sum of parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Multiple images were a staple of fresco work adorning late medieval churches in Europe. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.giottodibondone.org\/No.-40-The-Seven-Virtues--Prudence-1306.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Giotto<\/a> di Bondone became a&nbsp;master painter with the creation of his fresco cycle in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wga.hu\/frames-e.html?\/html\/g\/giotto\/padova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arena Chapel<\/a> (or more formally, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cappelladegliscrovegni.it\/index.php\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scrovegni Chapel<\/a>) in Padua, Italy. In a detail of this work, note how the <strong>Seven Virtues<\/strong> and <strong>Seven Vices<\/strong> use a rigorous format. Various figures occupy a uniform dark, rectangular ground, and a monochrome color scheme unifies the various allegorical concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"3239\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/padova_cappella_degli_scrovegni_affrescchi_12\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12-768x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12-300x400.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Padova_Cappella_degli_Scrovegni_affrescchi_12.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Giotto, Arena Chapel Frescos, <strong>Infidelity<\/strong> in situ<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"718\" height=\"354\" data-attachment-id=\"3238\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/giotto_arena\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/giotto_arena.png\" data-orig-size=\"718,354\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"giotto_arena\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/giotto_arena.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/giotto_arena.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/giotto_arena.png 718w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/giotto_arena-300x148.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>top row<\/strong>&nbsp; |&nbsp; Giotto, Arena Chapel Frescos, The Seven Virtues, 1303-6<\/em><br><em>&nbsp;<strong>left to right<\/strong>&nbsp; |&nbsp; Prudence, Fortitude, Temperance, Justice, Faith, Charity, Hope<\/em><br>&nbsp;<br><em><strong>bottom row<\/strong>&nbsp; |&nbsp; Giotto, Arena Chapel Frescos, The Seven Vices, 1303-6<\/em><br><em><strong>left to right<\/strong>&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;Desperation, Envy, Infidelity, Injustice, Wrath, Inconstancy, Foolishness<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As an extension of fresco practice, multiple panels in a single work can be seen taking root in the Renaissance. The <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/ghnt\/hd_ghnt.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ghent Altarpiece<\/a><\/strong> by Hubert and Jan Van Eyck marked a major turning point toward realism in ecclesiastical work. But it takes on the same task as its medieval forebearers: to tell the stories of the Bible to a largely illiterate population. The panels act like graphic novels do today, even with the altarpiece opening like the pages of a book to reveal more panels\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"478\" data-attachment-id=\"3241\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/ghent\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent.png\" data-orig-size=\"1154,539\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ghent\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent-1024x478.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent-1024x478.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent-1024x478.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ghent.png 1154w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece, 1432. Shown closed at left, open at right.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diptych\"><\/span>Diptych<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In the Modern era, Marcel Duchamp created a vertical <strong>diptych<\/strong> (a two-panel polyptych) in his <strong>Large Glass<\/strong> at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.philamuseum.org\/collections\/permanent\/54149.html?mulR=990408853%7C18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Philadelphia Museum of Art<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"3243\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/glass\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/glass.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"367,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"glass\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/glass.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/glass.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/glass.jpg 367w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/glass-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/glass-300x409.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (a.k.a. The Large Glass), 1915-23<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Andy Warhol uses the panel idea, formerly reserved for altarpieces, in his <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tate.org.uk\/servlet\/ViewWork?workid=15976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marilyn Diptych<\/a><\/strong>, at the Tate in London. It is an obvious gesture to elevate a dead celebrity to the status of worship-worthy. And it&#8217;s not even that tongue-in-cheek, as Andy did worship celebrities. Compare it to the quite different treatment of the same photographic source in <strong>Marilyn<\/strong> (the icon for the <strong>Variations<\/strong> project at the top of the page), done 5 years later. Marilyn died in \u201962; by \u201967 she was a mythic polychrome angel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"354\" data-attachment-id=\"3246\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/warhol_diptych\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/warhol_diptych.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,354\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"warhol_diptych\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/warhol_diptych.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/warhol_diptych.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/warhol_diptych.jpg 500w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/warhol_diptych-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Andy&nbsp;Warhol, Marilyn Diptych, 1962<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In that 1967 work, Warhol creates variations on a theme, individual images exploring aspects of the original through choice of color to create shifts in perception. Nine compositions are organized to be seen as variations of one, not as one composition as we see in the diptych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Joining\"><\/span>Joining<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another way to make many one is by <strong>joining<\/strong>, which can include strategies like grouping, collaging, deconstruction, or conceptual association. Conceptual artist Joseph Kosuth generates multiple semantic manifestations of an everyday object, and brings his dissection of it back together again:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;I used common, functional objects &#8211; such as a chair &#8211; and to the left of the object would be a full-scale photograph of it and to the right of the object would be a photostat of a definition of the object from the dictionary. Everything you saw when you looked at the object had to be the same that you saw in the photograph, so each time the work was exhibited the new installation necessitated a new photograph. I liked that the work itself was something other than simply what you saw. By changing the location, the object, the photograph and still having it remain the same work was&nbsp;very&nbsp;interesting. It meant you could have an art work which was that&nbsp;idea&nbsp;of an art work, and its formal components weren&#8217;t important.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<cite>\u2014 Joseph Kosuth<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"354\" data-attachment-id=\"3247\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/kosuth\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kosuth.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,354\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kosuth\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kosuth.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kosuth.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kosuth.jpg 500w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kosuth-300x212.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moma.org\/collection\/works\/81435?classifications=any&amp;date_begin=Pre-1850&amp;date_end=2018&amp;locale=en&amp;q=kosuth&amp;with_images=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">One and Three Chairs<\/a><\/strong> was a reaction to what Kosuth saw as the commercialist excesses of Pop. But not all Pop artists celebrated consumer culture as Warhol did. David Hockney, long associated with Pop, began a series of photo collages he called <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Hockney#The_.22joiners.22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">joiners<\/a><\/strong> in the early \u201880s. Using a multitude of humble photos, from instant to commercially processed drugstore prints, he reconstructs our perception of reality through the camera\u2019s recording of the same. Jumps in perspective create an almost cubist vocabulary, reconciling visions of realism and abstraction.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1011\" height=\"739\" data-attachment-id=\"3248\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/hockney\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hockney.png\" data-orig-size=\"1011,739\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hockney\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hockney.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hockney.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hockney.png 1011w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hockney-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hockney-768x561.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1011px) 100vw, 1011px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>left<\/strong>&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;David Hockney, David Graves Pembroke Studios London Tuesday&nbsp;27th April 1982, 1982<\/em><br><em><strong>right<\/strong>&nbsp; |&nbsp;&nbsp;David Hockney, Mother I, Yorkshire Moors,&nbsp;August 1985 #1, 1985<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>One set of Hockney\u2019s photo collages pays respect to a grid, while the other denies it. By adding incidents of joining \u2014 cellotape, gauze, glue \u2014 to the actual image, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmstarn.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Starn<\/a> brothers, identical twins Doug and Mike, overlay another kind of system on the grid. Fascinating because they are multiples: they&#8217;re twins! Twins working with multiples: themselves as subject, and fragments of images pieced together with many pieces of Scotch tape.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"3249\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/double_stark_portrait_in_swirl\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/double_stark_portrait_in_swirl.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"[]\" data-image-title=\"double_stark_portrait_in_swirl\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/double_stark_portrait_in_swirl.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/double_stark_portrait_in_swirl.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3249\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Doug and Mike Starn, Double Stark Portrait in Swirl, 1985\u201386<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Take a look at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmstarn.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Doug and Mike Starn&#8217;s website<\/a>. See how they work with a very tactile, grunge aesthetic employing both grids and random fragments, often in tension with one another. Especially useful is the series <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmstarn.com\/attracted_to_light.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attracted to Light<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2D digital art 5 | variations multiples Clones, copies, variations It is the nature of digital material that it can be cloned, copied, and multiplied: download an artwork from the Internet, and the 0s and 1s in the binary code are identical to the file on the server it came from. Variation, repetition, and multiples&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2d-digital-art","category-references"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Multiples - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Multiples: from one image making many through serial and process work, to many images making one through polyptichs and joining.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Multiples - newMediaWiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Multiples: from one image making many through serial and process work, to many images making one through polyptichs and joining.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"newMediaWiki\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-23T12:44:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-12T01:20:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"williamCromar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"williamCromar\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"williamCromar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3\"},\"headline\":\"Multiples\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-23T12:44:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-12T01:20:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1273,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/campfire300.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"2D digital art\",\"References\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/\",\"name\":\"Multiples - newMediaWiki\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/campfire300.gif\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-23T12:44:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-12T01:20:52+00:00\",\"description\":\"Multiples: from one image making many through serial and process work, to many images making one through polyptichs and joining.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/campfire300.gif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/campfire300.gif\",\"width\":300,\"height\":300},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/multiples\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Multiples\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/\",\"name\":\"newMediaWiki\",\"description\":\"because all media are new\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3\",\"name\":\"williamCromar\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1\",\"width\":1754,\"height\":1754,\"caption\":\"williamCromar\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/williamcromar.com\\\/newmediawiki\\\/author\\\/williamcromar\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Multiples - newMediaWiki","description":"Multiples: from one image making many through serial and process work, to many images making one through polyptichs and joining.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Multiples - newMediaWiki","og_description":"Multiples: from one image making many through serial and process work, to many images making one through polyptichs and joining.","og_url":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/","og_site_name":"newMediaWiki","article_published_time":"2023-08-23T12:44:50+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-12T01:20:52+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"williamCromar","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"williamCromar","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/"},"author":{"name":"williamCromar","@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/#\/schema\/person\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3"},"headline":"Multiples","datePublished":"2023-08-23T12:44:50+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-12T01:20:52+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/"},"wordCount":1273,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/#\/schema\/person\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif","articleSection":["2D digital art","References"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/","url":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/","name":"Multiples - newMediaWiki","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif","datePublished":"2023-08-23T12:44:50+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-12T01:20:52+00:00","description":"Multiples: from one image making many through serial and process work, to many images making one through polyptichs and joining.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/campfire300.gif","width":300,"height":300},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/multiples\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Multiples"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/#website","url":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/","name":"newMediaWiki","description":"because all media are new","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/#\/schema\/person\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/#\/schema\/person\/680114553d8ae86ba751ea5e0ea983e3","name":"williamCromar","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1","width":1754,"height":1754,"caption":"williamCromar"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/2015_newmedia_logo.png?fit=1754%2C1754&ssl=1"},"url":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/author\/williamcromar\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3234"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6070,"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234\/revisions\/6070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}