{"id":3097,"date":"2023-08-21T10:56:22","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T10:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=3097"},"modified":"2025-10-27T18:01:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T18:01:51","slug":"world-building","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/","title":{"rendered":"World building"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"287\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/tea-fractal\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tea-fractal\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-287\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/\">3D modeling<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"375\" data-attachment-id=\"136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/environments\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,375\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"environments\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-136\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg 375w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\">4 | environments<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"795\" data-attachment-id=\"1665\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/stereographic_projection_of_paris\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"795,795\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Stereographic_projection_of_Paris\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1665\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg 795w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>world building<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0fdadc57f5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0fdadc57f5\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#All_the_worlds_a_stage_set\" >All the world&#8217;s a stage set<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Three_case_studies\" >Three case studies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Case_study_1_exterior_environment\" >Case study 1: exterior environment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Assets_in_scene\" >Assets in scene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Workflow\" >Workflow<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Lights\" >Lights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#UPDATE_Arnold_NEW_Sky_and_Sun_workflow\" >UPDATE: Arnold: NEW Sky and Sun workflow<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#House_elements\" >House elements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Environment_elements\" >Environment elements<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Panorama_element\" >Panorama element<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Foliage_element\" >Foliage element<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#UPDATE_Arnold_NEW_Standard_Shader_with_Alpha_mask\" >UPDATE: Arnold: NEW Standard Shader with Alpha mask<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Case_study_2_interior_environment\" >Case study 2: interior environment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Assets_in_scene-2\" >Assets in scene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Workflow-2\" >Workflow<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Lights-2\" >Lights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#House_elements-2\" >House elements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Environment_elements-2\" >Environment elements<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Room_shell_element\" >Room shell element<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Window_lights\" >Window lights<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Case_study_3_HDRI_image-based_lighting_environment\" >Case study 3: HDRI image-based lighting environment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Assets_in_scene-3\" >Assets in scene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Workflow-3\" >Workflow<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Lights-3\" >Lights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#House_elements-3\" >House elements&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Environment_elements-3\" >Environment elements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Depth_of_field\" >Depth of field<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Your_turn\" >Your turn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/#Other_resources\" >Other resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gjpofySaKUgw-1YKRingjwhMdFWNNFb6\/view?usp=sharing\">Download demo files here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>This is a shared folder<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"All_the_worlds_a_stage_set\"><\/span>All the world&#8217;s a stage set<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Photographer Alexandre Duret-Lutz specializes in taking pictures of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gadl\/sets\/72157594279945875\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wee planets<\/a> like the planet Paris seen at right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Actually, he takes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gadl\/456185667\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">equirectangular panorama shots<\/a> like the one below and turns them into stereographic projections that distort the world we know into seemingly miniature forms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"795\" data-attachment-id=\"1665\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/stereographic_projection_of_paris\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"795,795\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Stereographic_projection_of_Paris\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1665\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:contain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris.jpg 795w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Stereographic_projection_of_Paris-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"3102\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;PENTAX K10D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1176017372&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.05&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Paris_seveille_equirectangular_panorama-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Alexandre Duret-Lutz, stereographic and equirectangular panoramic projections from<br>Paris s&#8217;\u00e9veille, 2007. From Wikimedia Commons.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;re familiar with other exercises in world-building from the tricks used in cinema, whether by green-screening actors into a new environment (below left), or &#8220;building&#8221;<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Courthouse_Square\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Courthouse Square<\/a><\/strong>, Universal Studio&#8217;s Small-Town-USA backlot set that hosted dozens of productions from 1948&#8217;s film noir <strong>An Act of Murder<\/strong>, through the courthouse scenes of <strong>To Kill a Mockingbird<\/strong>, to Marty McFly&#8217;s misadventures in <strong>Back to the Future<\/strong>. Those solid-looking civic structures are ridiculously thin facades (lower right), the backs of which are never meant to be seen by the camera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"3103\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/madame_nobel_-_film_set_at_the_embassy_of_france_in_vienna_may_2014_08\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,533\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08.jpg 800w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Madame_Nobel_-_film_set_at_the_Embassy_of_France_in_Vienna_May_2014_08-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Filming of Urs Egger&#8217;s <strong>Madame Nobel<\/strong> in Vienna, Austria, 2014. From Wikimedia Commons author Manfred Werner.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"697\" height=\"666\" data-attachment-id=\"3104\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/behind_the_scenes_65\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/behind_the_scenes_65.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"697,666\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"behind_the_scenes_65\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/behind_the_scenes_65.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/behind_the_scenes_65.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/behind_the_scenes_65.jpg 697w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/behind_the_scenes_65-300x287.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Universal Studios&#8217;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.insideuniversal.net\/2015\/09\/inside-courthouse-square-on-the-universal-studios-backlot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Courthouse Square<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Three_case_studies\"><\/span>Three case studies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After the intense, granular detail of the Elements project, building an entire world seems like a fool&#8217;s errand! But combine an understanding of what is being perceived <strong>only<\/strong> by the camera with cinema&#8217;s strategies of combining worlds and projection methods, and you have the recipe for making a fragment of reality seem like a whole world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We can&#8217;t cover every possibility in a short Wiki title, but we can cover classes of worlds. Here we&#8217;ll explore three case studies: one exterior environment, one interior environment, and one HDRI environment which, while outdoors in our sample, can work for both interior and exterior. The emphasis in these case studies will not be on modeling, but rather the basic elements needed to develop a world, thinking more in terms of universal workflows. Each environment will contain the same two elements: abstracted house figures, one in a reflective chrome material, the other in a marble- or wax-like material with sub-surface scattering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_study_1_exterior_environment\"><\/span>Case study 1: exterior environment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"3106\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/exterior_22m_testrender720\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720.png\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"exterior_22m_testrender720\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720-1024x576.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exterior_22m_testrender720.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The final rendered image<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3107\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/101_skydome\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"101_skydome\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/101_skydome.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>SKYDOME AND<\/strong><br><strong>SKY SHADER<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3108\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/104_top_dome\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"104_top_dome\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/104_top_dome.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>TOP VIEW DOME<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3109\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/102_panorama\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"102_panorama\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/102_panorama.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>PANORAMA AND<\/strong><br><strong>GROUND PLANE<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3110\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/105_top_ground\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"105_top_ground\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/105_top_ground.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>TOP VIEW GROUND<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3111\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/103_ground\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"103_ground\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/103_ground.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>MODEL ELEMENTS<\/strong><br><strong>AND FOLIAGE<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3112\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/106_side\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"106_side\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/106_side.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>SIDE VIEW<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assets_in_scene\"><\/span>Assets in scene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We created the following environmental items to make our two house elements appear in an outdoor, desert-like scene:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lights:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An Arnold SkyDome Light (the larger sphere) and a related Sky Shader (the smaller).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Maya directional light to generate sharper shadows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modeling:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A panorama constructed using the walls of a poly cylinder, an image map, and an alpha map.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A warping ground plane using the cap of a poly cylinder and an image map.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A small foliage element consisting of 2 intersecting poly planes with image and alpha maps, grouped and instance-copied 14 times.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Workflow\"><\/span>Workflow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As we develop the world, we find it useful to use the render preview found in the menu under <strong>Arnold&gt;Arnold RenderView<\/strong>. It&#8217;s a rapid-response, IPR-like preview window that gives almost real-time feedback on scene decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arnold is a fine renderer, but it tends to be&nbsp;<strong>noisy<\/strong>, with &#8220;dirt&#8221; in shadows and &#8220;fireflies&#8221; in highlights. We won&#8217;t mention below exactly what values represent solutions for noise\u2014otherwise, that&#8217;s all we&#8217;d talk about!\u2014but generally, anything labeled <strong>Samples<\/strong> or <strong>Resolution<\/strong> reduces noise as they are ramped up, at the cost of additional render time. We are also generally using values of around <strong>6<\/strong> or <strong>7<\/strong> for final renders for the <strong>Render Settings: Arnold Renderer: Sampling: Camera (AA)<\/strong> value. Render times varied from a low of about 7 minutes for the HDRI sample to about 90 minutes for the interior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Arnold also crashes\u2014a lot. Save. After. Every. Single. Move. You. Make.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>The sky map is an equirectangular projection that will create a convincing sky in the SkyDomeLight.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cgtrader.com\/free-3d-models\/various\/various-models\/4k-hdri-sky-of-southern-ca-at-noon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Original at this link<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"3114\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/ca-sky-2016-04-15-11-30-am\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CA-Sky-2016-04-15-11-30-am.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"[]\" data-image-title=\"CA-Sky-2016-04-15-11-30-am\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CA-Sky-2016-04-15-11-30-am.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/CA-Sky-2016-04-15-11-30-am.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3114\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lights\"><\/span>Lights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Using Arnold, we start by creating the lights.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create a <strong>SkyDomeLight<\/strong> by selecting it from the <strong>Arnold<\/strong> shelf. We apply the sky map to the <strong>Color<\/strong> option, and this creates a light source based on the image. We play around a lot with the values in the <strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong> as we go along, but after we experiment we eventually settle on <strong>Intensity: 0.3<\/strong>, <strong>Resolution: 3000<\/strong>, <strong>Format: latlong<\/strong>, <strong>Exposure: -4.0<\/strong>, and <strong>Samples: 4<\/strong>, with all other values at their defaults. The size of this object is 1000 radius.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This element is a light: <strong>so it does not render<\/strong>. We need to create a renderable sky that matches it. We go to the <strong>Render Settings<\/strong> window, <strong>Arnold Renderer<\/strong> tab, <strong>Environment<\/strong> drop-down, and under <strong>Background<\/strong>, click on the map icon and select <strong>Create Sky Shader<\/strong> from among the options. Go to the <strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong> and, under the Sky Attributes Color option, apply the same map. This object has the same 1000 radius as the SkyDomeLight, so to differentiate it, go to the <strong>Channel Box<\/strong> and change <strong>Sky Radius: 800<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The final light source is to create a <strong>Maya Directional Light<\/strong>, which Arnold will honor. This will cast sharp, sun-like shadows that the SkyDomeLight does not create. The values for its options also change throughout the setup, but we finally choose <strong>Directional Light Attributes: Intensity: 2.0<\/strong>, <strong>Arnold: Exposure: -0.5<\/strong>, <strong>Angle:1.0<\/strong>, <strong>Samples:2<\/strong>. Angle, it should be mentioned, mimics the disk of the sun and softens the shadow edges a bit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPDATE_Arnold_NEW_Sky_and_Sun_workflow\"><\/span><em>UPDATE: Arnold: NEW Sky and Sun workflow<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The updates to Arnold have made it better&#8230; but it sure is hard to keep a wiki current with them! Below is a silent screen-capture video illustrating the new workflow to create sky and sunlighting elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NEW Arnold sky and sun\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NNn1ln5xEOc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"House_elements\"><\/span>House elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create the two <strong>house<\/strong> elements from poly cubes, adding enough geometry to create a soft, beveled edge that will show off the renderer&#8217;s capability.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One house receives an <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material that we make into a highly reflective chrome surface. Under <strong>Diffuse<\/strong> in the <strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong>, we create <strong>Weight:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>0.0<\/strong>. Under <strong>Specular<\/strong>, with a white color, we add <strong>Weight<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>1.0<\/strong>, <strong>Roughness<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>0.0<\/strong>, and <strong>Anistropy<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>0.5<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The second house receives a sub-surface scatter as seen in marble or wax. Under <strong>Diffuse<\/strong>, the color is a light, low saturation yellow-orange with <strong>Weight:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>0.7<\/strong>. <strong>Specular<\/strong> carries <strong>Weight<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>0.2<\/strong>, <strong>Roughness<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>0.6<\/strong>, and <strong>Anistropy:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>0.5<\/strong>. <strong>Sub-Surface Scattering<\/strong> has <strong>Weight:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>0.14<\/strong> and a <strong>Radius:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>0.6<\/strong> (as a 60% gray value).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environment_elements\"><\/span>Environment elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>ground plane<\/strong> is generated as a poly cylinder with all faces except the top cap deleted. It was divided into 16 x 48 segments: it needs a lot of geometry because we deform it.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In this sample, vertices were selected and moved vertically to create an undulating terrain, but we could also have created this using a displacement map.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A sandy texture image map, colored to match our panorama image, is applied. Sand is an <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material with the image file attached to <strong>Diffuse Color<\/strong>. Under the file&#8217;s node <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong>, we <strong>Rotate Frame<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>13<\/strong>, <strong>Repeat UV: 64<\/strong> and <strong>64<\/strong>, and add <strong>Noise UV:&nbsp;0.02<\/strong>. This randomizes the mapping and keeps the tiling from being evident.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Seamless tiling yellow sand, modified to match the <\/em>color in the <em>panorama.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-EtZ3wt2XU98\/Vd9AeOPhXQI\/AAAAAAAAH5Q\/0PpUC4dMXK8\/s1600\/Sand%2Bwall%2Btexture%2Bseamless.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Original at this link<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"3071\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1024x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"181\" data-attachment-id=\"3115\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/spitzkoppe_360_panorama\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama.png\" data-orig-size=\"2500,442\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-1024x181.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-1024x181.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3115\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-1024x181.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-768x136.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-1536x272.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama-2048x362.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"181\" data-attachment-id=\"3116\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/spitzkoppe_360_panorama_alpha\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha.png\" data-orig-size=\"10000,1768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-1024x181.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-1024x181.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-1024x181.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-300x53.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-768x136.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-1536x272.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama_alpha-2048x362.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><em>360\u00b0 panorama of Spitzkoppe, Namibia, modified to eliminate sky. Below this, an alpha mask for the file to create transparency.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Spitzkoppe_360_Panorama.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Original at this link<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Panorama_element\"><\/span>Panorama element<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>panorama<\/strong> element was created by deleting the cap faces from a poly cylinder with about 40 segments, a radius of about 200, and a height of about 100. This last creates a circumference-to-heigh ratio of about 6:1, matching the 6:1 aspect ratio of the panorama image.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The image was applied to an <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material named <strong>pano1<\/strong>, on the <strong>Diffuse Color<\/strong>. The <strong>UV&gt;UV Editor<\/strong> was used to align the polygon faces with the image. Upon test render, we see this is where Arnold gets a bit weird:&nbsp;it does not automatically generate transparency from the .png file, even though there are transparent pixels in the file. Eventually, we add <strong>Backlighting: 1.0<\/strong> to this to brighten it up and provide atmospheric perspective.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To fix, we went not to the material node <strong>pano1<\/strong>, but rather to the <strong>Shape<\/strong> node (here named <strong>panoCylinderShape1<\/strong>), and looked for the <strong>Arnold<\/strong> drop-down options. We unchecked the <strong>Opaque<\/strong> option here, thinking this would do the trick. <em>The panorama completely disappears!<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;So, back in the material node, we applied a black-and-white alpha mask generated from the image under the Refraction Opacity option. THIS restores the image but finally keeps the sky area transparent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"809\" height=\"661\" data-attachment-id=\"3117\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/sagebrush\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush.png\" data-orig-size=\"809,661\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sagebrush\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush.png 809w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-768x628.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Sagebrush image map&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"809\" height=\"661\" data-attachment-id=\"3118\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/sagebrush-alpha\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-alpha.png\" data-orig-size=\"809,661\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sagebrush-alpha\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-alpha.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-alpha.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-alpha.png 809w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-alpha-300x245.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sagebrush-alpha-768x628.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and alpha map.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/s1040.photobucket.com\/user\/Baroque_in_3D\/library\/Landscaping%20-%20Gartenanlagen\/Plants%20and%20Flowers%20%20-%20Pflanzen%20und%20Blumen?sort=6&amp;page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Original at this link<\/a><\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Foliage_element\"><\/span>Foliage element<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The final environment move is the sagebrush element. Poly-based foliage models are routinely too heavy, so we cheat with a pair of perpendicular poly planes intersecting at their midpoints. The purpose of the foliage element, frankly, is to camouflage the edge between the ground plane and the panorama. Even though we&#8217;ve matched their colors in the sand portion, there are textures in the panorama that look odd if they don&#8217;t somehow continue up into the ground plane.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create one plane, about 5 x 5, and rotate it vertically. We apply an image map and alpha map in a manner identical to the panorama above. We duplicate this on a second plane and intersect them. These are grouped in the <strong>Outliner<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, we position the sagebrush so that it partially obscures the ground plane edge in the background.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We copy the sagebrush by going to <strong>Edit &gt; Duplicate Special<\/strong> and in the dialog box selecting&nbsp;<strong>Instance<\/strong>, rather than <strong>Copy<\/strong>. We do this over a dozen times, moving, rotating, and scaling each instance so that we don&#8217;t see it as an obvious repeat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The final render is set in the Render Settings at 1280 x 720, with Camera (AA) at 6, and many other values at 4. The render time for this image was approximately 22 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPDATE_Arnold_NEW_Standard_Shader_with_Alpha_mask\"><\/span><em>UPDATE: Arnold: NEW Standard Shader with Alpha mask<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The updates to Arnold have made it better&#8230; but it sure is hard to keep a wiki current with them! Below is a silent screen-capture video illustrating the new workflow to create a foliage item with alpha. Instead of sagebrush, a tree miraculously grows in the desert!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NEW 2022 Arnold standard shader with alpha workflow\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d5ChK1NAprU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_study_2_interior_environment\"><\/span>Case study 2: interior environment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"3122\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/interior_90m_testrender720\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720.png\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"interior_90m_testrender720\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720-1024x576.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/interior_90m_testrender720.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The final rendered image<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3123\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/111_pano\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"111_pano\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/111_pano.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>PANORAMA AND<\/strong><br><strong>GROUND PLANE<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3124\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/114_top\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"114_top\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/114_top.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>TOP VIEW PANORAMA<\/strong><br><strong>AND GROUND PLANE<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3125\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/112_grouns\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"112_grouns\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/112_grouns.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>GROUND PLANE<\/strong><br><strong>AND STRUCTURE<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3126\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/115_windowout\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"115_windowout\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/115_windowout.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>WINDOW FRAME<\/strong><br><strong>DETAIL AT EXTERIOR<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3127\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/113_int\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"113_int\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/113_int.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>STRUCTURE WIREFRAME<\/strong><br><strong>SHOWING INTERIOR<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3128\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/116_viewport\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"116_viewport\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/116_viewport.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>INTERIOR VIEW<\/strong><br><strong>IN VIEWPORT<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assets_in_scene-2\"><\/span>Assets in scene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We created the following environmental items to make our two house elements appear in an interior space with a view out at the same landscape as used above:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lights:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An Arnold Physical Sky (does not appear as an object in the viewport).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Maya directional light to generate sharper shadows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Three Arnold Area Lights, one at each window and the door to the outside.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Maya point light functioning as an ambient fill.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modeling:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A panorama constructed using the walls of a poly cylinder, an image map, and an alpha map.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A warping ground plane using a NURBS plane and an image map.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A room interior with two glass windows, and one glass door.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Workflow-2\"><\/span>Workflow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Interior scenes often have windows and are affected by exterior light sources. The SkyDomeLight we used for the exterior scene above creates excessive noise in the interior, so instead we use the <strong>Physical Sky<\/strong> and a series of <strong>Ai Area Lights<\/strong> combined with a <strong>Maya Directional Light<\/strong> for shadows to develop the complex interplay of bouncing light formerly handled by radiosity light modeling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lights-2\"><\/span>Lights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create the&nbsp;<strong>Ai Physical Sky<\/strong>&nbsp;by selecting it from the Arnold shelf, right next to the sky dome light. It&#8217;s rather odd, as it does not show up as an object the way the sky dome light does, nor is it attached to the Environment Background like the Sky Shader. In the&nbsp;<strong>Outliner<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Hypershade,<\/strong>&nbsp;it appears as an&nbsp;<strong>SG<\/strong>&nbsp;(Shading Group) named&nbsp;<strong>aiPhysicalSkySG<\/strong>. Attached to it is a node called&nbsp;<strong>aiPhysicalSkyMaterial<\/strong>. Under the material, we observe under&nbsp;<strong>Common Material Attributes: Color<\/strong>&nbsp;an attached&nbsp;<em><strong>something<\/strong><\/em>\u2014a node called&nbsp;<strong>aiPhysicalSky<\/strong>. Finally. Here, under&nbsp;<strong>Physical Sky Attributes<\/strong>, you can change the&nbsp;<strong>Ground Albedo<\/strong>&nbsp;(the angle relative to the Earth&#8217;s horizon), the&nbsp;<strong>Elevation<\/strong>&nbsp;(vertical angle), and so forth. There is no image map to attach to this.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Here, we change&nbsp;<strong>Intensity: 5.0<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We also create&nbsp;a&nbsp;<strong>Maya Directional Light<\/strong>, as we did with the scene above.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We will need to create several&nbsp;<strong>Ai Area Lights<\/strong>&nbsp;for the glass windows and door, but these are designed to match the openings specifically, and since the structure doesn&#8217;t yet exist, we need to wait.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As we do test renders, we find that we need some kind of ambient or fill light. Arnold doesn&#8217;t play nice with&nbsp;<strong>Maya&#8217;s Ambient<\/strong>, so we&#8217;ll generate a&nbsp;<strong>Maya Point Light<\/strong>, but like the Area Lights, this comes later in response the the environment model development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"House_elements-2\"><\/span>House elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create the two house elements exactly as we did above. They can be done fresh, copied in, or externally referenced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environment_elements-2\"><\/span>Environment elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create a&nbsp;<strong>ground plane<\/strong>&nbsp;just as we did above. Because we know the light and modeling will be more complex (and therefore more time-consuming to render), we opt here for a lighter-weight NURBS solution. Create a large NURBS circle and perform a&nbsp;<strong>Planar<\/strong>. On the new plane, enter&nbsp;<strong>Surface Point<\/strong>&nbsp;mode and drag a surface point out on the plane, then select&nbsp;<strong>Insert Knot<\/strong>. Do this just a couple of times to create control vertices. Enter&nbsp;<strong>Control Vertex<\/strong>&nbsp;mode, select a few of the vertices and move them up and down for an undulating surface. Add the same sand image map as for the scene above.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;We create an identical&nbsp;<strong>panorama<\/strong>&nbsp;to the scene above.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;No foliage this time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Room_shell_element\"><\/span>Room shell element<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create a shell of a room interior using a polygon Cube, manipulating with subdivisions, scaling, deleting faces, extruding edges, and other manipulations to generate two windows with sills, jambs, and frames, and one door with sill and jamb. To this room, we add an&nbsp;<strong>Ai Standard<\/strong>&nbsp;material with we&#8217;ll call&nbsp;<strong>houseWhite<\/strong>. Under&nbsp;<strong>Diffuse<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Color: white<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Weight: 1.0<\/strong>. Under&nbsp;<strong>Specular<\/strong>, change&nbsp;<strong>Weight: 1.0<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Roughness 0.8<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Anistropy: 0.5<\/strong>. This will help brighten the interior.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Against the windows and doors, we&#8217;ll create glass elements. Use an actual volume here, not just a poly plane. We want the glass to have a thickness, here about 0.02. Apply an&nbsp;<strong>Ai Standard<\/strong>&nbsp;material called&nbsp;<strong>glass<\/strong>, with&nbsp;<strong>Diffuse<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Color: white<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Weight: 0.95&nbsp;<\/strong>(we want some sense it&#8217;s there),&nbsp;<strong>Roughness: 0.02<\/strong>. Under&nbsp;<strong>Reflection<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Weight: 0.9<\/strong>. Under&nbsp;<strong>Refraction<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Weight: 0.99<\/strong>&nbsp;but don&#8217;t apply IOR (it&#8217;s too thin to matter). These values will give a good reflection in the glass. Don&#8217;t forget to uncheck&nbsp;<strong>Opaque<\/strong>&nbsp;under the glass element&#8217;s&nbsp;<strong>Shape<\/strong>&nbsp;node&nbsp;<strong>Arnold<\/strong>&nbsp;options!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Window_lights\"><\/span>Window lights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NOW we can create the&nbsp;<strong>Ai Area Lights<\/strong> since we can size them according to openings that exist. For each light, in the&nbsp;<strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong>, under&nbsp;<strong>Arnold Area Light Attributes<\/strong>, make&nbsp;<strong>Intensity: 50<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Exposure: 1.0<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Decay Type: quadratic<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Spread:1.0<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Resolution: 1000<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Samples: 4<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Shadow Density: 0.9<\/strong>. These bad boys get placed parallel with, right outside of, and completely covering each opening.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With some test renderings, the need for a fill light is evident, so now the&nbsp;<strong>Point Light<\/strong>&nbsp;is created, with a&nbsp;<strong>Point Light Attribute: Intensity: 4.0<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Decay Rate: Quadratic<\/strong>. Under&nbsp;<strong>Arnold<\/strong>&nbsp;options here:&nbsp;<strong>Decay Type: quadratic<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Exposure: 1.0<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Samples: 4<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Radius: 2.0<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For the final render, we use the same 1280 x 720 resolution but change the&nbsp;<strong>Camera (AA): 7<\/strong>&nbsp;and many others to&nbsp;<strong>3<\/strong>. With this many lights, reflective\/refractive surfaces, and lots of light bounces, this rendering clocks in at 90 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_study_3_HDRI_image-based_lighting_environment\"><\/span>Case study 3: HDRI image-based lighting environment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"3130\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/hdri2_7m_gamma0-75_testrender720\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720.png\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720-1024x576.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hdri2_7m_gamma0.75_testrender720.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The final rendered image<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3131\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/121_top\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"121_top\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3131\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/121_top.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>SKYDOME AND<\/strong><br>*<strong>very tiny elements<\/strong>*<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3132\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/122_front\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"122_front\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/122_front.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>FRONT VIEW<\/strong><br><strong>AND CAMERA<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"697\" data-attachment-id=\"3133\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/123_viewport\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport.png\" data-orig-size=\"1050,715\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"123_viewport\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport-1024x697.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/123_viewport.png 1050w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>VIEWPORT WITH&nbsp;<\/strong><br><strong>OBJECT DETAILS<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assets_in_scene-3\"><\/span>Assets in scene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HDRI-based scenes are shockingly simple:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lights:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>An Arnold SkyDome Light.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Maya directional light to generate sharper shadows.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modeling:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A smooth-mesh preview table-like object.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Workflow-3\"><\/span>Workflow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There&#8217;s little more to do here than bring in our two house forms again, create a flat, smoothed table object, and make an environment using an HDR image map. This strategy favors an atmospheric approach to world-building; there&#8217;s not much granular control. But it&#8217;s <strong>awesome<\/strong> for shiny things!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>The panorama used to texture the SkyDomeLight, taken by Thomas Bresson, Fort du Salbert, 2011.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Original at this link<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"409\" data-attachment-id=\"3135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/panoramic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,409\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D300&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Panorama \\u00e0 360\\u00b0 r\\u00e9alis\\u00e9 devant la batterie Est-enveloppe, \\u00e0 l&#039;Est du fort du Salbert (HDR).&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1316613247&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Panoramic&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Panoramic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Panorama \u00e0 360\u00b0 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 devant la batterie Est-enveloppe, \u00e0 l&amp;#8217;Est du fort du Salbert (HDR).&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2011-09-21_15-54-07-salbert-768x314.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lights-3\"><\/span>Lights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create a <strong>SkyDomeLight<\/strong> and apply the texture map the same way we did for the first scene above.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We create a <strong>Maya Directional Light<\/strong> for shadows, again in the same manner as the other samples.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"House_elements-3\"><\/span>House elements&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create the two house elements exactly as we did above. They can be done fresh, copied in, or externally referenced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environment_elements-3\"><\/span>Environment elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We create a <strong>table plane<\/strong> with some thickness so we can soften the geometry in a smooth-mesh preview. On this table plane, we&#8217;ll attach a grass image map and a bump map generated from it. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create an <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material called <strong>grass<\/strong> and attach the grass image as above, except under the <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong> set <strong>Repeat UV: 20<\/strong> and <strong>20<\/strong> and <strong>Noise UV: 0.01<\/strong> and <strong>0.01<\/strong>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We scroll down in the <strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong> to the <strong>Bump Mapping<\/strong> option and click on the map icon to attach the bump image file. We apply the same value to its <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong> as we do to the image map.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"3078\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/grasslarge\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"GrassLarge\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg 600w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The seamless tiling grass image&#8230;<\/em><br><em><a href=\"http:\/\/texturelib.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Original at this link<\/a><\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"3079\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/grasslargebump\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"GrassLargebump\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3079\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg 600w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>.. and the bump map we generated<\/em><br><em>in Photoshop<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Depth_of_field\"><\/span>Depth of field<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The model is so simple that we can afford to play around with the camera <strong>Depth of Field<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>DOF<\/strong>) for an additional sense of atmosphere. This is a pretty simple thing to do and you can see the results fast in<strong> Arnold RenderView<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>With the renderable camera active in the viewport, go to the viewport menu <strong>View&gt;Camera Attribute Editor&#8230;<\/strong> and open it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While fussing with menus, go to the main menu and find <strong>Display&gt;Heads Up Display&gt;Object Details<\/strong>. When we select objects, this can tell us how far away the object is from the camera.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select the house objects and note their distances; they average around 12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the Camera&#8217;s <strong>Attribute Editor<\/strong>, scroll down to the Arnold options and open. Check on Enable DOF, and in the Focus Distance, enter the value you determined from Object Details\u2014here, we enter 12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, play with the Aperture Size values. This will create deeper or narrower DOF depending on the value. In our sample, we chose a value of 0.05 as deep enough to capture the house elements, but narrow enough to blur the front and back of the table edge, and certainly enough to blur the image on the sky dome.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Final render: 1280 x 720 again, with <strong>Camera (AA)<\/strong> back at 6 and many others at 4. It renders in a blisteringly fast 7 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Your_turn\"><\/span>Your turn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Of these three case studies, select which you think is closest to the concept you want to develop in your project. Using the downloadable files as a guide, emulate that SINGLE ONE. You may approach the exercise one of three ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recreate the file as you see it here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modify the existing file by switching out image maps and\/or selecting model elements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Build a new world from scratch with your choice as a guide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_resources\"><\/span>Other resources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The indispensable&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/support.solidangle.com\/display\/A5AFMUG\/Arnold+for+Maya+User+Guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">arnold for maya user guide<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free HDRI sets at&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hdrlabs.com\/sibl\/archive.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sIBL Archive<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3D modeling 4 | environments world building Download demo files here This is a shared folder All the world&#8217;s a stage set Photographer Alexandre Duret-Lutz specializes in taking pictures of wee planets like the planet Paris seen at right. Actually, he takes equirectangular panorama shots like the one below and turns them into stereographic projections&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3d-modeling","category-exercises"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>World building - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"World building: strategies for creating three case studies for environments in Maya, including an exterior, interior, and HDRI light model.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/world-building\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"World building - 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