{"id":3042,"date":"2023-08-20T15:52:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-20T15:52:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=3042"},"modified":"2024-01-12T02:38:16","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T02:38:16","slug":"three-kinds-of-map","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/","title":{"rendered":"Three kinds of map"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"287\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/tea-fractal\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tea-fractal\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-287\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/\">3D modeling<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"375\" data-attachment-id=\"136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/environments\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,375\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"environments\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-136\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg 375w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\">4 | environments<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"372\" height=\"372\" data-attachment-id=\"1664\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/maps\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"372,372\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"maps\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1664\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps.jpg 372w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>3 kinds of map<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f10fa3f1e57\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f10fa3f1e57\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Three_kinds_of_map_two_kinds_of_process\" >Three kinds of map, two kinds of process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Set_up_the_scene\" >Set up the scene<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Create_the_surface_and_lighting\" >Create the surface and lighting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Create_a_non-polar_sphere\" >Create a non-polar sphere<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#General_workflow\" >General workflow<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Applying_Ai_Standard\" >Applying Ai Standard<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Procedural_textures_and_Ai\" >Procedural textures and Ai<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Create_bump_and_normal_maps\" >Create bump and normal maps<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Bump_using_procedurals\" >Bump using procedurals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Normal_using_images\" >Normal using images<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Create_texture_maps\" >Create texture maps<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Texture_using_procedurals\" >Texture using procedurals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Texture_using_images\" >Texture using images<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Create_displacement_maps\" >Create displacement maps<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Displacement_using_procedurals\" >Displacement using procedurals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Displacement_using_images\" >Displacement using images<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/#Combining_maps\" >Combining maps<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps.zip\">Download the demo file here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Three_kinds_of_map_two_kinds_of_process\"><\/span>Three kinds of map, two kinds of process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mapping, in general, is the alteration of basic geometry to do more than geometry could do alone. If you wanted to model a brick wall, for example, it would be possible to create each brick and each slab of mortar between them. But it would be crazy \u2014 try to render it, and it&#8217;s just too much information. Mapping gets us out of the conundrum of over-modeling polygons at the same time it introduces the possibility of creating non-uniform materials like wood, earth, grass, marble, and the like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This title explores three kinds of maps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bump\/normal<\/strong>&nbsp;maps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Texture<\/strong>&nbsp;maps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Displacement<\/strong>&nbsp;maps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Each kind of map can be explored by applying an internal&nbsp;<strong>procedural<\/strong>&nbsp;texture, or by applying an externally referenced&nbsp;<strong>bitmap<\/strong> <strong>image<\/strong>. The image seen here is a matrix of these possibilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"664\" data-attachment-id=\"3052\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/maps-label\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2318,1504\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"maps-label\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-1024x664.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-1024x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-1024x664.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-768x498.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-1536x997.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/maps-label-2048x1329.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this exercise, we describe the process we used to create the textures, and you follow the workflow to create the materials as in the matrix above. You may substitute textures or procedurals to create your own materials, or you may use the procedurals we describe or the texture images we supply in the downloadable sample file at the top of this title.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Set_up_the_scene\"><\/span>Set up the scene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Here is a perspective rendering of our scene:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"3061\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/3maps_all\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all.png\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"3maps_all\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all-1024x576.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/3maps_all.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_the_surface_and_lighting\"><\/span>Create the surface and lighting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create a polygon plane with the following parameters: <strong>Width: 18, Height: 12, Subdivisions Width: 3, Subdivisions Height: 2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Make a checkerboard by selecting faces and applying two different gray-tone Lambert or Ai Standard materials.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create a<strong> Directional Light<\/strong>&nbsp;and under <strong>Directional Light Attributes<\/strong> change <strong>Intensity: 3<\/strong>. Under <strong>Arnold<\/strong> options, change <strong>Angle: 2<\/strong>, which will create a soft-edge shadow. Move and rotate it to aim down on the polygon plane at about a 45\u00b0 angle.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_a_non-polar_sphere\"><\/span>Create a non-polar sphere<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use spheres to display and emphasize the materials. The sphere is useful because it is a simple shape but a relatively complex geometry that can reveal shortcomings in mapping. There is one problem with the standard polygon primitive sphere, however, that is vexing for most maps: the &#8220;sawtooth&#8221; of triangular faces that converge on the poles. Few mapping projects can successfully negotiate the sawtooth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of my favorite tricks is to replace the standard sphere primitive with a <strong>non-polar sphere<\/strong>. Another name for this is a <strong>quadball<\/strong>. Don&#8217;t look for it in the Polygon Shelf\u2014it&#8217;s a heavily manipulated <strong>polygon cube<\/strong>. Here&#8217;s how we do it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create a polygon cube with<strong> 1<\/strong> subdivision all around; you&#8217;ll see a single face for each plane making the cube. Make the height, width, and depth all:&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Press <strong>3<\/strong> on the keyboard for a smooth mesh preview.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Go to the menu and select <strong>Modify&gt;Convert&gt;Smooth Mesh Preview to Polygons<\/strong>. This conversion quadruples the subdivision for each face.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Press <strong>3<\/strong> on the keyboard again for another smooth mesh preview.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Move into place, centering on one of the checkerboard squares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat this for all six spheres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The result is an object visually indistinguishable from a polygon sphere primitive but without the pesky pinching at the poles that often ruins a good mapping session.&nbsp;As you move through the different mapping strategies, you&#8217;ll discover that, in some cases, the amount of geometry created by this trick is insufficient. We discovered, for example, that&nbsp;image-based normals and displacement mapping and image displacement, needed more geometry. To get the extra faces, simply repeat <strong>Modify &gt; Convert &gt; Smooth Mesh Preview to Polygons<\/strong> as many times as will solve the problem. For our normals sphere, we repeated it three times; for displacement, we repeated it twice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" data-attachment-id=\"3062\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/mesh-density\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/mesh-density.png\" data-orig-size=\"980,551\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"mesh-density\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/mesh-density.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/mesh-density.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3062\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/mesh-density.png 980w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/mesh-density-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/mesh-density-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_workflow\"><\/span>General workflow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the global process common to each of the following examples:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applying_Ai_Standard\"><\/span>Applying Ai Standard<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first node of each &#8220;sphere&#8221; \u2014 <strong>pCubeX<\/strong>, where X is a number \u2014 is found in the Attribute Editor as the first tab for a selected object. Each one should be named after the kind of map it illustrates. For example, the procedural-based texture map sphere should be named <strong>procedural_texture_pCubeX<\/strong> or something similar. This helps you distinguish them in the <strong>Outliner<\/strong> and other places.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We apply a unique <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material to each sphere. Each material node should be named for the kind of map it illustrates. The <strong>aiStandardX<\/strong> node can be renamed<strong> X_map<\/strong>, <strong>X-sample, <\/strong>or similar, where X is the descriptor. This helps keep it clear in the<strong> Hypershade<\/strong> and other places.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Almost all the action is in the<strong> Attribute Editor<\/strong> tab, so unless otherwise noted, head there.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Take a moment before applying textures to make sure the project is set to the project folder. For the sample file, named <strong>3maps.mb<\/strong>, the project folder is <strong>3maps<\/strong>. Go to <strong>File&gt;Set Project&#8230;<\/strong> and see if this is set correctly. If not navigate to the folder in the <strong>Set Project<\/strong> dialog, double-click on the folder name, and select<strong> Set<\/strong>. If you are creating your own project from scratch, don&#8217;t forget to go to<strong> File &gt; Project Window<\/strong>, and click <strong>Accept<\/strong>&nbsp;in the dialog. This automatically creates folders like<strong> scenes<\/strong> and<strong> sourceimages<\/strong> that are used by Maya to organize the project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedural_textures_and_Ai\"><\/span>Procedural textures and Ai<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> and the Arnold rendering engine will honor most, but not all, of the Maya procedural textures, the application of which is described below. The only ones that this author could not succeed with as of this writing were<strong> Fluid Texture 2D<\/strong>, <strong>Fluid Texture 3D<\/strong>, and most disappointingly, <strong>Wood<\/strong>. There is a workaround to generate a wood procedural, however, and it&#8217;s described below.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During each material creation session, inspect the results in the viewport with the <strong>Textured icon<\/strong> selected (it looks like a checkered sphere), but also take advantage of the<strong> Arnold RenderView<\/strong> window, available through any menu set at <strong>Arnold &gt; Arnold RenderView<\/strong>. It&#8217;s a real-time, IPR-style render preview that will save you hours. It is also very useful to keep the <strong>UV Editor<\/strong> window open to see the material, and the flattened polygons distributed over it, in UV space. In the <strong>Modeling<\/strong> menu set, go to <strong>UV&gt;UV Editor<\/strong> to open this interface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_bump_and_normal_maps\"><\/span>Create bump and normal maps<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>bump map<\/strong> encodes a reading of depth as a tonal scale, where black indicates depth and white indicates height, with gray tones between. It gives the illusion of depth perpendicular to the surface but does not change the geometry. It\u2019s good for low relief, where no change in profile or cast of shadow would be seen (pores of skin, orange peel, leather, fish scales).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong>normal map<\/strong> is like a bump map on steroids. It is not grayscale but RGB, because this can encode not only vertical change but change in light angle. Normals are good for more aggressive low relief (golf ball dimples, visible corrugation on cardboard, a crumpled sheet of paper, feathers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>HOW DO NORMAL MAPS WORK?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Light is presented in a 3D model as a <strong>normal model<\/strong>. Huh? In geometry techno-speak, a normal is a line that is perpendicular to a given surface. So we calculate light as a normal vector bouncing off a geometric plane like a cue ball in a game of billiards. To get the illusion of a smooth surface with no face edges, we calculate surface normals at face edges as a cross product&#8230; an &#8220;average&#8221; that is smoothed out, within a certain angular limit (by default in Maya, 30\u00b0). In layman&#8217;s terms, it &#8220;cheats&#8221; the edge to get the illusion of smoothness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"341\" data-attachment-id=\"3054\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result.png\" data-orig-size=\"3000,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-1024x341.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-1024x341.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3054\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-1024x341.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-1536x512.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_with_scene_and_result-2048x683.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>3D geometry scene.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Normal map of the scene<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Map applied to a plane<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"220\" data-attachment-id=\"3055\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/rendering_with_normal_mapping\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Rendering_with_normal_mapping.gif\" data-orig-size=\"440,220\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Rendering_with_normal_mapping\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Rendering_with_normal_mapping.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Rendering_with_normal_mapping.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3055\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The same geometry, animated with<\/em> <em>dynamic lighting and showing the <\/em>response of the <em>map to angular light data<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bump_using_procedurals\"><\/span>Bump using procedurals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"555\" height=\"555\" data-attachment-id=\"3063\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/cloth_procedural\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural.png\" data-orig-size=\"555,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"cloth_procedural\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural.png 555w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cloth_procedural-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Cloth<\/strong>, a Maya 2D Texture, in UV space&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3064\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/procedural_bump\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"procedural_bump\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3064\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_bump-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and as applied in our sample.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating and applying the first <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under <strong>Bump Mapping<\/strong> options, click on the <strong>map icon<\/strong> (small checkerboard), and this opens the<strong> Create Render Node<\/strong> dialog.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>From the list of<strong> Maya 2D or 3D Textures<\/strong>, we select <strong>Cloth<\/strong>, and it creates a node we call <strong>cloth1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the <strong>cloth1<\/strong> node tab, select the <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong> option and click on the boxed arrow node icon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong> change only the following, where unmarked value boxes refer to X and Y or U and V in order:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Repeat UV: 60 60<\/strong> will create a tight basket-weave-like texture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Offset: -0.05 -0.05<\/strong> will center the black space on the intersecting vertex between faces and make a cleaner expression of the map on the surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Normal_using_images\"><\/span>Normal using images<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"3065\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/normal_map_example_\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_.png\" data-orig-size=\"2047,2048\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Normal_map_example_\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-1024x1024.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Normal_map_example_.png 2047w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>This .png file is a normal map, found<\/em> <em>at <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Normal_map_example_-_Map.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3066\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/image_normal_map\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image_normal_map\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3066\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_normal_map-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and this is how it appears applied.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating and applying another new <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under <strong>Bump Mapping<\/strong> options, click on the<strong> map icon<\/strong> for the <strong>Create Render Node<\/strong> dialog again. Here, under<strong> Maya 2D Texture<\/strong> options, select <strong>File<\/strong>. This will create two new nodes called <strong>bump2dX<\/strong> and <strong>fileX<\/strong> (where X is a number). In the <strong>bump2dX<\/strong> tab, under <strong>2d Bump Attributes<\/strong>, select <strong>Tangent Space Normals<\/strong> from among the options in the<strong> Use As: <\/strong>dropout. In the <strong>fileX<\/strong> tab, you&#8217;ll select an externally referenced image file.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Take a moment in the file directory to notice, in the <strong>sourceimages<\/strong> folder inside the Maya project folder, we have placed a normal map named<strong> Normal_map_example_.png <\/strong>(from Wikimedia). We&#8217;re placing this file in the next step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Back in Maya and the <strong>fileX<\/strong> tab, under <strong>File Attribute<\/strong> options, find the <strong>folder icon<\/strong> to the right of the <strong>Image Name<\/strong> field. Click on this and in the dialog box that opens, select your file. If you don&#8217;t see the file, you haven&#8217;t set your project (see <strong>General workflow<\/strong> above).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With the normal map file applied, select the <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong> option and click on the <strong>arrow node icon<\/strong> to open the<strong> place2dTextureX node<\/strong> (where X is a number), and under<strong> UV Coordinates<\/strong>, change only the following:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Repeat UV: 16 16<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notice at this point there may be some artifacts in the shadow areas of the render preview that appear to be like the edges of faces. As we noted above, the geometry needs to be denser for this map to work, so at this point, we repeat the <strong>Smooth Mesh Preview to Polygons<\/strong> until the artifacts are no longer a problem. For this map, it took three repetitions of this conversion to defeat the artifacts. It&#8217;s best to keep inspecting the results in <strong>RenderPreview<\/strong> so you don&#8217;t make more geometry than necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_texture_maps\"><\/span>Create texture maps<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Procedural-based texture options use Attribute variables to create materials that occupy volumetric space. When we apply a procedural texture, we see a green cube in the viewport that we can move, scale, or rotate to change the orientation of the material in space. Think of this cube as controlling an infinitely large 3D texture matrix which, when it intersects the polygon solid it is applied to, presents itself as a material at the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Image-based texture maps are a common device to bring in realistic brick, dirt, grass, and other materials that might be difficult to develop procedurally. Here, we\u2019ll make a big ball of sand. We use a seamless texture map, one which has been manipulated so that it doesn\u2019t create an obvious edge or border to the map when applied. An image editing program such as Photoshop is indispensable for developing just the right image to apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Texture_using_procedurals\"><\/span>Texture using procedurals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"619\" height=\"619\" data-attachment-id=\"3068\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/making_marble_into_wood\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood.png\" data-orig-size=\"619,619\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"making_marble_into_wood\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3068\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood.png 619w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/making_marble_into_wood-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The wood texture we created using a<\/em> <em>surprising Maya 3D Texture&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3069\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/procedural_texture_wood\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"procedural_texture_wood\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_texture_wood-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and its appearance when applied.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Recall that most but not all Maya textures are honored by Arnold \u2014 <strong>Wood<\/strong>, for example, is a particularly disappointing one to lose. Fear not: <strong>Marble<\/strong>, it turns out, can be convinced to function as an able substitute for the inaccessible <strong>Wood<\/strong>. The takeaway: don\u2019t be fooled by names of textures into thinking they can ONLY express their namesakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating and applying another new <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under <strong>Diffuse<\/strong> option <strong>Color<\/strong>, click on the <strong>map icon<\/strong> to open the <strong>Create Render Node<\/strong> dialog once again, and select <strong>Marble<\/strong> from the list of options.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under the <strong>Marble<\/strong> node which we name <strong>marble1<\/strong>, observe the <strong>Filler Color<\/strong> and <strong>Vein Color<\/strong>. These will act like tree rings in our material model. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <strong>Filler Color<\/strong>, we apply:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H<\/strong>&nbsp;around&nbsp;<strong>23.5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S<\/strong>&nbsp;around&nbsp;<strong>0.5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V<\/strong>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<strong>1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <strong>Vein Color<\/strong>, we apply:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H<\/strong>&nbsp;around&nbsp;<strong>23.5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S<\/strong>&nbsp;around&nbsp;<strong>0.6<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V<\/strong>&nbsp;around&nbsp;<strong>0.8<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other vein attributes:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vein Width<\/strong>&nbsp;around <strong>0.02<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diffusion: 1.0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contrast<\/strong>&nbsp;around <strong>0.16<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To smooth out the veins and make them ring-like, under <strong>Noise Attributes<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amplitude: 1.0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ratio: 0.7<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ripples: 1.5 1.0 1.0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depth: 1.5 1.0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To change the scale of the rings, select the <strong>place3dTextureX node<\/strong> tab to the left of the <strong>marble1 node<\/strong> tab, and change only the following:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Scale: 1.0 0.2 1.0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rotate Axis: 22.0 0.0 0.0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Observe how the green box that signifies the material in the viewport changes as you enter that last set of values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Texture_using_images\"><\/span>Texture using images<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"3071\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1024x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Sand-wall-texture-seamless-yellow.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A .jpg file of <a href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-EtZ3wt2XU98\/Vd9AeOPhXQI\/AAAAAAAAH5Q\/0PpUC4dMXK8\/s1600\/Sand%2Bwall%2Btexture%2Bseamless.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sand<\/a>&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3072\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/image_texture_sand\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image_texture_sand\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_texture_sand-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; applied to a sphere<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating and applying a fourth new <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Under <strong>Diffuse Color<\/strong> options, click on the <strong>map icon<\/strong> once again to open the <strong>Create Render Node<\/strong> dialog<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Here, under <strong>Maya 2D Texture<\/strong> options, select <strong>File<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Take a moment in the file directory to notice, that under the <strong>sourceimages<\/strong> folder inside the Maya project folder, we have placed a normal map named <strong>Sand wall texture seamless yellow.jpg<\/strong>. We&#8217;re placing this file in the next step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Back in Maya, when the new file node opens, under <strong>File Attribute<\/strong> options, look for the <strong>folder icon<\/strong> to the right of the<strong> Image Name<\/strong> field. Click on this and in the dialog box that opens, select your file. If you don&#8217;t see the file, you haven&#8217;t set your project (see <strong>General workflow<\/strong> above).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With the image map file now applied, select the <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong> option and click on the <strong>arrow node icon<\/strong> to open the <strong>place2dTextureX<\/strong> node (where X is a number), and under <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong>, change only the following:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Repeat UV: 10 10<\/strong>, which gives the sand the right scale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Noise UV: 0.01 0.01<\/strong>, which randomizes image placement somewhat to hide obvious instances of tiling such as found at seams between faces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_displacement_maps\"><\/span>Create displacement maps<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In our third and final pair, we discover that displacement maps change the geometry to which they are applied, like normal maps taken to the next dimension. If your texture is high relief (a rough snowball, a crumpled and balled-up piece of paper, an extreme terrain landscape), displacements not only create textures for you but also convincing volumetric manipulation and their concomitant shadows to boot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike bump or image maps, there is no obvious option in the Maya interface to apply a displacement map. Maya treats the creation of these nodes differently, which we&#8217;ll deal with in the workflow description below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Displacement_using_procedurals\"><\/span>Displacement using procedurals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"717\" data-attachment-id=\"3073\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/brownian\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian.png\" data-orig-size=\"717,717\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"brownian\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian.png 717w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brownian-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Brownian random texture in UV space&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3074\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/procedural_displacement_brownian\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"procedural_displacement_brownian\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3074\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/procedural_displacement_brownian-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and applied to a &#8220;sphere.&#8221;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating and applying a fifth new <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material, notice a pair of mysteriously unlabeled <strong>arrow icons<\/strong> to the right of the material name field\u2014these navigate up and down the string of nodes that design the material:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Click on the lower arrow icon and it opens the <strong>aiStandard5SG shading node<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under this find the <strong>Shading Group Attributes<\/strong>, which you open to find the <strong>Displacement mat.<\/strong> field.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To the right of this, click on the <strong>map icon<\/strong> and this opens the by-now-familiar <strong>Create Render Node<\/strong> dialog.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;Here, we\u2019re looking for a random texture generator to make a lumpy spheroid. Maya\u2019s randomizers include <strong>Fractal<\/strong>, <strong>Noise<\/strong>, <strong>Brownian<\/strong>, and <strong>Cloud<\/strong>. In our sample, we chose <strong>Brownian<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under the <strong>brownian1 node<\/strong> tab created here, change the value in all the fields \u2014 <strong>Lacunarity<\/strong>, <strong>Increment<\/strong>, <strong>Octaves<\/strong>, and <strong>Weight 3d<\/strong>\u2014to&nbsp;<strong>1.0<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A somewhat annoying peculiarity of displacement mapping: you won\u2019t see the results in the viewport! We only produce results when we render. It\u2019s useful to keep <strong>Arnold RenderView<\/strong> open for a real-time presentation of your displacement creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Displacement_using_images\"><\/span>Displacement using images<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1018\" data-attachment-id=\"3075\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/pattern-half-tone-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1909\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pattern-half-tone-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-1024x1018.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-1024x1018.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3075\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-1024x1018.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-768x764.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-1536x1527.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pattern-half-tone-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A rigid <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicdomainpictures.net\/en\/view-image.php?image=192408&amp;picture=pattern-half-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">half-tone pattern<\/a> .jpg map &#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3076\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/image_displacement_map\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image_displacement_map\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3076\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image_displacement_map-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and the surprisingly random application. How did it happen? See below&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After creating and applying the final new <strong>Ai Standard<\/strong> material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Click on the lower arrow icon&nbsp;right of the material name field to open the <strong>aiStandard5SG shading node<\/strong> again.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under this, again find the <strong>Shading Group Attributes<\/strong>, which you open to find the <strong>Displacement mat.<\/strong> field.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To the right of this, click on the <strong>map icon<\/strong> and this opens the by-now-familiar <strong>Create Render Node<\/strong> dialog.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Here, under <strong>Maya 2D Texture<\/strong> options, select <strong>File<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Take a moment in the file directory to notice, under the<strong> sourceimages<\/strong> folder inside the Maya project folder, we have placed a texture map named <strong>pattern-half-tone-2.jpg<\/strong>, which we place in the next step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Back in Maya, when the new file node opens, under<strong> File Attribute<\/strong> options, look for the <strong>folder icon<\/strong> to the right of the<strong> Image Name<\/strong> field. Click on this and in the dialog box that opens, select your file. If you don&#8217;t see the file, you haven&#8217;t set your project (see <strong>General workflow<\/strong> above).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With the image map file now applied, select the<strong> UV Coordinates<\/strong> option and click on the <strong>arrow node icon<\/strong> to open the <strong>place2dTextureX<\/strong> node (where X is a number), and under <strong>UV Coordinates<\/strong>, change only the following:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Repeat UV: 4 4<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rotate UV: 45.0&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Noise UV: 0.02 0.02<\/strong>, which randomizes image placement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Combining_maps\"><\/span>Combining maps<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These various maps and processes can combine to create quite complex material effects. For example, when modeling grass, an image texture will create color shifts, while a bump map containing a grayscale version of the image texture will give the material a sense of low-relief depth. Add a displacement map, and you can create rolling grassy hills from a flat polygon plane with sufficient subdivisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"3078\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/grasslarge\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"GrassLarge\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge.jpg 600w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLarge-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A <a href=\"http:\/\/texturelib.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">grass texture<\/a> map&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"3079\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/grasslargebump\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"GrassLargebump\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3079\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump.jpg 600w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/GrassLargebump-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>&#8230; and a bump map based on the same file.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>TEXTURE: GrassLarge.jpg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Repeat UV: 2.0 2.0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3080\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/planet_grass\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"planet_grass\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>TEXTURE: GrassLarge.jpg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>BUMP: GrassLargebump.jpg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Repeat UV: 2.0 2.0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Bump Depth: 0.1<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3081\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/planet_grass_bump\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"planet_grass_bump\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3081\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>TEXTURE: GrassLarge.jpg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>BUMP: GrassLargebump.jpg<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>DISPLACEMENT: Brownian<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Lacunarity: 0.5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Increment: 0.5<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Octaves: 2.0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" data-attachment-id=\"3082\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/planet_grass_bump_displacement\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement.png\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"planet_grass_bump_displacement\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3082\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement.png 720w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/planet_grass_bump_displacement-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3D modeling 4 | environments 3 kinds of map Download the demo file here Three kinds of map, two kinds of process Mapping, in general, is the alteration of basic geometry to do more than geometry could do alone. If you wanted to model a brick wall, for example, it would be possible to create&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3d-modeling","category-exercises"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Three kinds of map - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Three kinds of map: bump\/normal, texture, and displacement maps created using bitmap images and procedurals in Maya.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/three-kinds-of-map\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Three kinds of map - 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