{"id":1738,"date":"2023-08-04T10:56:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T10:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=1738"},"modified":"2024-01-10T11:25:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T11:25:19","slug":"ball-drop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/","title":{"rendered":"Ball drop"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"287\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/tea-fractal\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" data-orig-size=\"300,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tea-fractal\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/tea-fractal.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-287\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/\">3D modeling<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"547\" data-attachment-id=\"134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/essentials\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"563,547\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"essentials\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-134\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg 563w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials-300x291.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/\">2 | essentials<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"1644\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/ballbounce\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ballbounce\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1644\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce.jpg 500w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbounce-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>ball drop<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0f819cf6ac\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0f819cf6ac\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Thats_the_way_the_ball_bounces\" >That&#8217;s the way the ball bounces<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Demo_preview\" >Demo preview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Maya_essential_skills\" >Maya essential skills<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Principles_of_animation\" >Principles of animation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Two_out_of_Nine_Old_Men\" >Two out of Nine Old Men<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Four_out_of_twelve_principles\" >Four out of twelve principles<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Additional_principles\" >Additional principles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#How_to_Cheat\" >How to Cheat<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Ball_drop_references\" >Ball drop references<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Cheat_sheet\" >Cheat sheet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Video_references\" >Video references<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Three_forces\" >Three forces<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Horizontal_and_vertical\" >Horizontal and vertical<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Internal_reactions\" >Internal reactions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Making_the_ball_drop_bounce_by_bounce\" >Making the ball drop, bounce by bounce<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Setting_the_scene\" >Setting the scene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Solve_the_roll_x-motion\" >Solve the roll: x-motion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Create_anticipation\" >Create anticipation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Create_follow-through\" >Create follow-through<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Refine_acceleration_and_deceleration\" >Refine acceleration and deceleration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Solve_the_bounce_y-motion\" >Solve the bounce: y-motion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Create_high_and_low\" >Create high and low<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Create_apex_pattern_and_decay_rate\" >Create apex pattern and decay rate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Delete_errant_keys\" >Delete errant keys<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Set_heights_for_apex_keys\" >Set heights for apex keys<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Create_base_pattern\" >Create base pattern<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Adjust_base_tangents\" >Adjust base tangents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Refine_timing\" >Refine timing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Solve_squash_stretch_scale_rotate\" >Solve squash &amp; stretch: scale &amp; rotate<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Create_squash\" >Create squash<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Isolate_squash_and_create_stretch\" >Isolate squash and create stretch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Orient_stretch_to_Motion_Trail\" >Orient stretch to Motion Trail<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Repeat_for_all_bounces\" >Repeat for all bounces<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Refinements_for_a_professional_playblast\" >Refinements for a professional playblast<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Arc_in_horizontal_trajectory\" >Arc in horizontal trajectory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Staging\" >Staging<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/#Playblast_away\" >Playblast away<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/balldrop_2018.mb_.zip\">Download demo file here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thats_the_way_the_ball_bounces\"><\/span>That&#8217;s the way the ball bounces<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>We&#8217;ll use a classic animation exercise to get a confident start in Maya&#8230; the bouncing ball. You will learn the basic software workflow and understand how to model timing using reference videos. Conclude by creating a playblast, a short video produced directly from the Maya viewport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At 25 frames per second, the image at right captures very closely the amount of movement from one keyframe to the next in a bounce animation. What do you notice about the rate of change from ball image to ball image?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"322\" data-attachment-id=\"1741\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/ballbouncelg\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbouncelg.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,322\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ballbouncelg\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbouncelg.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbouncelg.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1741\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbouncelg.jpg 500w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ballbouncelg-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Michael Maggs and Richard Bartz,<\/em><br><em>Bouncing Ball Strobe, 2007<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demo_preview\"><\/span>Demo preview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Your finished product will be a &#8220;playblast&#8221; video similar to this sample:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"position: relative; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; width: 100%; height:100%;\">\n<iframe style=\"position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/MlAT10ZDWCw?rel=0&#038;version=3&#038;controls=0&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;showinfo=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;loop=1&#038;playlist=MlAT10ZDWCw\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maya_essential_skills\"><\/span>Maya essential skills<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>If you have not yet completed the <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-linkedin-learning-tutorials\/\">LinkedIn Learning tutorials for Maya Essential Skills in References<\/a> prior to starting this exercise, you need to go back and do so. Skipping the tutorials will <strong>not<\/strong> be a time-saver!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why is a ball drop the &#8220;hello world&#8221; project of every animator? For starters, it&#8217;s a great introduction to the Maya interface, in particular the Graph Editor. But more importantly, it&#8217;s the best way to introduce a new animator to the principles that govern animation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Principles_of_animation\"><\/span>Principles of animation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Two_out_of_Nine_Old_Men\"><\/span>Two out of Nine Old Men<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/frankandollie.com\/FrankanOllie.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnson<\/a><\/strong> were two of Walt Disney&#8217;s &#8220;Nine Old Men,&#8221; the original Disney animators. In their book <strong>Disney Animation: the Illusion of Life<\/strong>, Frank and Ollie articulate the 12 principles of animation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although these principles were worked out in the days of 2D hand-drawn cels, they apply to animation in any medium. This is why we&#8217;ve included <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\">The 12 Principles of Animation, Updated for the Modern Age<\/a><\/strong> by Gene Turnbow in our parallelUniverses readings for this project. The backbone of Gene&#8217;s text is Frank and Ollie&#8217;s work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"530\" data-attachment-id=\"1747\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/illusion_of_life\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/illusion_of_life.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"500,530\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"illusion_of_life\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/illusion_of_life.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/illusion_of_life.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1747\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/illusion_of_life.jpg 500w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/illusion_of_life-283x300.jpg 283w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/illusion_of_life-300x318.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Four_out_of_twelve_principles\"><\/span>Four out of twelve principles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Illusion of Life<\/strong> contains a detailed explanation of the 12 principles of animation, but they are paraphrased on Frank and Ollie&#8217;s website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our ball drop, we will focus on the principles of <em>S<strong>quash &amp; Stretch<\/strong><\/em>,<strong>&nbsp;<em>Exaggeration<\/em>, <em>Timing<\/em>, <\/strong>and<strong> <em>Slow-in|Slow-out<\/em><\/strong>: which you can read about at the link. How we see these principles guide the creation of a ball drop is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Squash &amp; Stretch<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;| Perhaps the most important of all principles, squash &amp; stretch gives entities a sense of flexibility without significant loss or gain of volume. In our example, when the ball squashes as it hits the ground, it not only scales down but also out to maintain volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Exaggeration<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;| Rather than referring to extreme distortion, exaggeration pushes the observation of a live reference in subtle ways to make it appear less mechanical and more natural. In our example, when the ball hits the ground, we squash it slightly more than we would observe, to give it a more natural rubbery quality. It is a case of &#8220;a lie that allows us to see the truth,&#8221; if we may repurpose Picasso&#8217;s definition of art.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Timing<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;| Video and live-action references were observed to understand the duration of the bounce.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Slow In + Slow Out<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;| The ball slows at the top of the bounce, accelerates when dropping, and slows to a stop when rolling.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong><em>12 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Squash &amp; Stretch<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Anticipation<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Staging<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Straight Ahead Action + Pose to Pose<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Follow-through + Overlapping Action<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Slow In + Slow Out<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Arcs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Secondary Action<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Timing<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Exaggeration<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Solid Drawing<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Appeal<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220507083546\/https:\/\/frankandollie.com\/PhysicalAnimation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Find a description of each at Frank &amp; Ollie&#8217;s website, archived here ><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Additional_principles\"><\/span>Additional principles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>However, it&#8217;s hard to just isolate a few principles, so we also integrate others such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Anticipation<\/em><\/strong> | The ball does not immediately start bouncing but waits a half-second.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Staging<\/em><\/strong> | We use a dramatic camera angle focused on the ball rolling into the foreground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Pose to Pose<\/em><\/strong> | Planning ahead keeps the volume of the ball consistent when scaling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Follow Through<\/em><\/strong> | The ball keeps rolling after it&#8217;s finished bouncing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Arcs<\/em><\/strong> | Arcs control the bounce parabola, but also control a slight curve in the horizontal trajectory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the ball drop uses most of the animation principles in a scene that does not require a lot of technical complexity or know-how, we now know why it&#8217;s the animator&#8217;s most important first exercise!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Cheat\"><\/span>How to Cheat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>That said, even a technically simple task can be technically burdensome in a sophisticated program like Maya. A highly recommended resource for animators,&nbsp;<strong>How to Cheat in Maya<\/strong> is not a software manual, but rather an animator&#8217;s bible that happens to use Maya. It is organized per the&nbsp;<strong>principles of animation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More than a book, it&#8217;s a website containing downloadable scene files to allow a direct experience of the animation principles. In a preview chapter available from the publisher, we will be able to reference&nbsp;<strong>Chapter 1: Animation Principles<\/strong> and download files for <strong><em>squash &amp; stretch<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>exaggeration<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>timing<\/em><\/strong>, and <strong><em>slow-in-slow-out<\/em><\/strong> out of the&nbsp;<strong>project_files.zip<\/strong><em>,<\/em>&nbsp;found under <strong>Support Materials<\/strong> at the companion site for the book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#fac8c8\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#fac8c8\">\n<p><em><strong>Note<\/strong>: Historically, since about 2010, this book updated about every 3 years or so. We are still waiting on an update from 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Try the downloadable files referenced in Chapter 1. As of this writing, they still function in Maya 2022. But even if the files eventually no longer function, there&#8217;s still a lot to learn from the readings and illustrations alone. Because the book is organized by principles and workflow rather than interface, it&#8217;s&nbsp;still a valid standard reference. Here&#8217;s hoping for an update!<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee;flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"279\" height=\"400\" data-attachment-id=\"1750\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/htc2017\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/htc2017.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"279,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"htc2017\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/htc2017.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/htc2017.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/htc2017.jpg 279w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/htc2017-209x300.jpg 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/How-to-Cheat-in-Maya-2017-Tools-and-Techniques-for-Character-Animation\/Naas\/p\/book\/9781498797085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Book website: look for the <strong>PREVIEW BOOK<\/strong> button, then look at Chapter 1 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/static.routledge.com\/9781498797085\/9781498797085_projectfiles.zip?_ga=642693135.1691062458&amp;_gl=1*v10wwy*_ga*NjQyNjkzMTM1LjE2OTEwNjI0NTg.*_ga_0HYE8YG0M6*MTY5MTA3MTAxMS4yLjEuMTY5MTA3MTAyMi4wLjAuMA..\">Downloadable files: focus on files referenced in Chapter 1 \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ball_drop_references\"><\/span>Ball drop references<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Modeling from references is like drawing from life: you use observation of the world to inform your work. Below we have two examples of references.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cheat_sheet\"><\/span>Cheat sheet<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a look at the <strong>Acme Animation Challenge<\/strong> guide to help you visualize dynamics. Click on the image for a larger view:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1754\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/ball_drop_challenge\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1870,2560\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ball_drop_challenge\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-748x1024.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-748x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-748x1024.jpg 748w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-768x1051.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-1122x1536.jpg 1122w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_drop_challenge-scaled.jpg 1870w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Video_references\"><\/span>Video references<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All ball bounces are not created equal. The Acme guide suggests you figure out what kind of ball to animate before you begin. Once you decide, you can find a video reference for timing and observation. Many exist and can be found by keywording <strong>ball drop<\/strong> in a search engine, but <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pZlYl0l2lFs&amp;list=PL10tQt143TnBQ07uCTD3vfO6G75cQFrLx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michele Schottenbauer&#8217;s compilation<\/a><\/strong> seen here is excellent. The football, rugby ball, and hackeysack are funny, but probably outside of our scope of choice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compare the balls you see in the video with the one in our demo preview. What kind of ball did we model in that demo?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sport Balls Bouncing\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pZlYl0l2lFs?start=12&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Three_forces\"><\/span>Three forces<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>We&#8217;ve been discussing the ball from an animation perspective, but because there are no innate laws of physics in a modeling program, we do need to understand something about the physics of the ball so that we can bring that to our project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A bouncing ball can be analyzed and broken down into three fundamental forces:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A horizontal trajectory vector<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A vertical trajectory vector<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internal reactions to forces applied (the squash &amp; stretch part!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"316\" data-attachment-id=\"1759\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/ball_velocity\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_velocity.png\" data-orig-size=\"495,316\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ball_velocity\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_velocity.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_velocity.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_velocity.png 495w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ball_velocity-300x192.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, through clever use of the timeline, set keys, and Graph Editor, it&#8217;s possible to solve the horizontal vector&nbsp;<strong>first<\/strong>, apply the vertical vector&nbsp;<strong>next<\/strong>, and refine by applying squash and stretch principles to illustrate the internal reactions of the ball when striking the ground&nbsp;<strong>last<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the illustration above, what difference do you see between the vertical velocity and the horizontal velocity?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Horizontal_and_vertical\"><\/span>Horizontal and vertical<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The horizontal trajectory and velocity are controlled primarily by moving the ball along the X-axis. To create some natural sense of motion, we will use a minor amount of Z-axis motion to create a horizontal arc to the trajectory \u2014 as if the ball has a small bit of spin bending it toward the south while it&#8217;s traveling primarily toward the west.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The vertical trajectory is more complex, and we apply it to the simpler horizontal movement. While the horizontal velocity is a constant but gradual deceleration as it loses energy to the bouncing, the vertical is a pattern of acceleration (at the base of the bounce) and deceleration (at the apex), slowly decaying until the pattern stops after a few bounces. The Graph Editor makes easy, if a bit tedious, work of this interplay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internal_reactions\"><\/span>Internal reactions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Where the horizontal and vertical motions are handled by translation (movement), the ball&#8217;s internal reactions are handled by scaling and rotation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the slow-motion loop at right, observe the internal reactions a tennis ball has when it strikes the ground.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"326\" height=\"250\" data-attachment-id=\"1760\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/tennis_bounce\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tennis_bounce.gif\" data-orig-size=\"326,250\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"tennis_bounce\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tennis_bounce.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/tennis_bounce.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1760\" style=\"width:400px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two phenomena we can use to inform our squash &amp; stretch and exaggeration solutions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When the ball strikes, it deforms by losing height: squashing. At the same time, horizontal diameter increases uniformly, because the ball cannot lose overall volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In a counter-reaction to the first reaction, when the ball moves up it stretches vertically and decreases slightly but uniformly in horizontal diameter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These reactions happen so fast that they last only a frame or two on either side of the bounce, but look at your animation&nbsp;<strong>with<\/strong> and&nbsp;<strong>without<\/strong> these manipulations as you work to see the big difference they make. You and your audience cannot&nbsp;<strong>see<\/strong> them without slo-mo, but you can&nbsp;<strong>sense<\/strong> them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Making_the_ball_drop_bounce_by_bounce\"><\/span>Making the ball drop, bounce by bounce<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Make your own version of the ball drop. This project creates no externally referenced files, so we do not need to create a Maya Project folder. As you follow the steps below, you have two resources beyond the text description: the demo file above, and the full screenshots adjacent to text that follows.&nbsp;All screenshots can be seen larger by clicking on them, to open full scale in a new window.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Setting_the_scene\"><\/span>Setting the scene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>From any Maya menu set, select <strong>File&gt;New Scene<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the new scene, open <strong>Time Slider Preferences<\/strong> (the gear with running figure icon at lower right of interface). Set&nbsp;<strong>Playback<\/strong> and <strong>Animation start\/end<\/strong> for 5 or 6 seconds. In the sample, to get 5 seconds at 30 frames per second, we set them at 150. Set the playback speed to 30fps by choosing <strong>Other<\/strong> from the dropout and entering 30.00 in the field that activates.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/02Atimesliderprefs.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"522\" data-attachment-id=\"1761\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/02atimesliderprefs\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/02Atimesliderprefs.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"665,522\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"02Atimesliderprefs\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/02Atimesliderprefs.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/02Atimesliderprefs.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/02Atimesliderprefs.jpg 665w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/02Atimesliderprefs-300x235.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Time Slider Preferences &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create a ball by making a polygon sphere with a small, whole number radius, and move it vertically equal to that radius. In the sample we created a sphere of radius = 1 (the default), and translated with <strong>Move Tool<\/strong> so that <strong>Translate Y = 1<\/strong> in the <strong>Channel Box<\/strong> (you can also just enter the data there). Name it <strong>ball01<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create a ground plane by making a poly plane of equal height and width. In the sample we made the plane width and height 24 in the Channel Box inputs, but we&#8217;ll make it bigger later on. Name it <strong>floor01<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"1762\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/04makeplane\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1575,975\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"04makeplane\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane-1024x634.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane-1024x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/04makeplane.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Make geometry &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solve_the_roll_x-motion\"><\/span>Solve the roll: x-motion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First we create a &#8220;rolling&#8221; ball with no bounce. In other words, find a solution for the horizontal or X-direction motion of the ball.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_anticipation\"><\/span>Create anticipation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At <strong>Frame 1<\/strong>, move <strong>ball01<\/strong> to a whole number position on the X axis, and hit S on the keyboard to set a key.&nbsp;Note the red line indicating a key has been set. In the sample, we set <strong>Translate X = 12<\/strong> in the Channel Box.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set another key at another frame somewhere within one second. In the sample, we set the second key at<strong> Frame 10<\/strong>. This will create a small delay at the start of the video that helps your audience anticipate the motion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"1764\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/05setfirstxkeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1575,975\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"05setfirstxkeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys-1024x634.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys-1024x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/05setfirstxkeys.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Set first pair of keys &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_follow-through\"><\/span>Create follow-through<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At a frame around a half second or so from the end of the timeline, move&nbsp;<strong>ball01<\/strong>&nbsp;to a position in negative territory on the X axis, a similar distance from the Z axis as the first one, and set a key. In the sample, at <strong>Frame 140<\/strong>, we set&nbsp;we set <strong>Translate X = -12 <\/strong>in the Channel Box.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At your final frame, set another key at the same X axis position. In the sample, it&#8217;s <strong>Frame 150<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"1765\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/06setlastxkeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1575,975\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"06setlastxkeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys-1024x634.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys-1024x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/06setlastxkeys.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Set last pair of keys &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline using the video-payer button at lower right to observe the motion of the ball. Notice that it has been auto-smoothed to create an acceleration (slow-in) and deceleration (slow-out) at the beginning and end. We need to adjust this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Refine_acceleration_and_deceleration\"><\/span>Refine acceleration and deceleration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At the upper left of the interface, select the Animation menu set, then select <strong>Windows&gt;Animation Editors&gt;Graph Editor<\/strong>.  The Graph Editor is much improved in recent versions of Maya, and it is the best place to manage refinements to established set keys.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notice the large red curve with small orange squares in the graph. This is the <strong>Translate X<\/strong> path, and it shows the rate of change from 12 to 12 along the X axis direction. It shows where the path is anchored by set keys with the orange square.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"1767\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/07grapheditor\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1144,559\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"07grapheditor\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor-1024x500.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor-1024x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor-1024x500.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/07grapheditor.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The Graph Editor &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select the Translate X path and you&#8217;ll see a small red square highlight in the left side menu of the window.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"1768\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/08grapheditortangent\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1144,559\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"08grapheditortangent\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent-1024x500.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent-1024x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent-1024x500.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/08grapheditortangent.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Select 2nd set key anchor &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Along the top of this window are a set of icons that manipulate <strong>tangents<\/strong>. Tangents are similar to Bezier curves in Illustrator: an anchor point (where the set keys are) and handles that manipulate the intensity of a curve. Hover over icons to see a balloon label. Look for the <strong>Break Tangents<\/strong> icon (about midway along the set of icons). With the second set key anchor selected, use Break Tangent to force the handles to work independently. The handle vector turns into a dashed line.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"1769\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/09grapheditortangentbreak\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1144,559\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"09grapheditortangentbreak\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak-1024x500.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak-1024x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak-1024x500.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09grapheditortangentbreak.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Break Tangent selected &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Select the handle to the right of the set key and rotate it down (clockwise) visually to ~60\u02da or so.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline to see that the basic X axis motion is solved!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>We will add a bit of Z axis motion later, to give this straight line a bit of horizontal arc.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"1770\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/10grapheditortangentmove\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1144,559\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"10grapheditortangentmove\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove-1024x500.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove-1024x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove-1024x500.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10grapheditortangentmove.jpg 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rotate handle down&nbsp;~60\u02da &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solve_the_bounce_y-motion\"><\/span>Solve the bounce: y-motion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The vertical pattern of acceleration and deceleration as the ball bounces can be complex, but let&#8217;s break it down into to classes of event: an <strong>apex<\/strong>, where the ball reaches it height, and a <strong>base<\/strong>, where it strikes the ground. We&#8217;ll use a generic rate of decay of ~\u2154\u2014where a distance traveled or bounced from a keyframe is about \u2154 the value of the preceding keyframe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If your ball is a bowling ball, by the way, the decay is extreme\u2014like ~\u00bc or smaller. The higher that denominator gets, the less bouncy.&nbsp;If it&#8217;s a superball, decay is maybe ~\u00be or greater. The closer the numerator and denominator get, the more bouncy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>If this doesn&#8217;t make sense yet, follow the tutorial and it will click!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_high_and_low\"><\/span>Create high and low<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At&nbsp;<strong>Frame 1<\/strong>, select <strong>ball01<\/strong> and translate it vertically to a whole number value in the Y axis direction, and set a key. In the sample, we set the value for <strong>Translate Y = 12<\/strong> in the Channel Box. The higher your Y value, the more extreme your bounce, so remember we want this to be done in around 5-6 seconds. Take a look at the Translate Y curve in the Graph Editor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat this at your second established set key, as we did for the X axis values above. This will hold the ball steady in one place. Recall in the sample this was at <strong>Frame 10<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Staple the ball back to the ground by setting keys with <strong>Translate Y = 1<\/strong> at your two endpoint keys. Recall in the sample these were Frames 140 and 150.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Take a look at the Translate Y curve in the Graph Editor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1772\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/11translatey\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"11translatey\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1772\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/11translatey.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Translate Y curve in green &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_apex_pattern_and_decay_rate\"><\/span>Create apex pattern and decay rate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As mentioned, the duration between set keys should decay by a factor of&nbsp;~\u2154 from key to key. For example if the first bounce is ~1 second or ~30 frames in duration, the next bounce should decay to ~20 frames, and so on. In the sample, we set keys at <strong>Frames 40<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>60<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>75<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>85<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>93<\/strong>, and&nbsp;<strong>97<\/strong>&nbsp;(any smaller frame distance is pretty meaningless, so this is where we say the ball is now just rolling on the ground). These will be used to create apex heights. Determine your own set key pattern and decay rate, or use these values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1774\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/12settopbouncekeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"12settopbouncekeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/12settopbouncekeys.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Translate Y apex key pattern looks good,<br>but there&#8217;s a problem elsewhere &#8211;<br>click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Delete_errant_keys\"><\/span>Delete errant keys<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Open the Graph Editor and notice setting the apex key pattern seems to hopelessly break the Translate X graph by adding lots of keys to it and forcing it into a non-smooth shape. There are also worthless apex keys on every other graph.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select all apex keys NOT on the Translate Y graph and delete them. The cleaned-up graph will show apex keys ONLY where they are meaningful: on the Translate Y graph.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;It is a is a common occurrence for keys to be set on graphs where you don&#8217;t want them, so you&#8217;ll do this periodically. It&#8217;s always good practice to delete keys you don&#8217;t need after you&#8217;ve developed some manipulation on a graph where you intend them to be.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1776\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/13selectnontranslateykeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"13selectnontranslateykeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1776\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/13selectnontranslateykeys.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Select all apex keys NOT on Translate Y<br>and delete &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1777\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/14deletenontranslateykeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"14deletenontranslateykeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1777\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/14deletenontranslateykeys.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cleaned up graph with apex keys only on Translate Y graph &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Set_heights_for_apex_keys\"><\/span>Set heights for apex keys<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Set Y axis heigh values for each of the set keys on the Translate Y graph. Differences in height from key to key should decay&nbsp;~\u2154, just as the durations did. In the sample, our values decay as follows:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Key 10, Translate Y = 12<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 40, Translate Y = 8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 60, Translate Y = 5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 75, Translate Y = 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 85, Translate Y = 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 93, Translate Y = 1.5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key 97, Translate Y&nbsp;= 1.3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1778\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/15adjussttranslateykeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"15adjussttranslateykeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/15adjussttranslateykeys.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Heights adjusted in Translate Y and<br>zoomed with F key &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>One interesting thing to note about the Graph Editor: if you hit the F key it will zoom in on the pertinent graph, making it more legible, as we see at right.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline and you&#8217;ll see the ball float in air and come to a slow landing at the end. We need to establish points of contact with the ground to make a bounce pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_base_pattern\"><\/span>Create base pattern<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Find frame midpoints between the apex keys. For example, if you have 30 frames between a pair of apex keys, the midpoint will be 15 frames from each. In the sample, the values for these midpoints are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Between Frames 10 and 40: 25<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Between&nbsp;Frames&nbsp;40 and 60: 50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Between&nbsp;Frames&nbsp;60 and 75: 68<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Between&nbsp;Frames&nbsp;75 and 85: 80<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Between&nbsp;Frames&nbsp;85 and 93: 89<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Between&nbsp;Frames&nbsp;93 and 97: 95<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8230; and a final base at 99 to bring it back to earth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At each midpoint frame, set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set the height for each of these base keys to Translate Y = 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clean up errant keys on all but the Translate Y graph in the Graph Editor.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1779\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/16downbouncekeys\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"16downbouncekeys\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/16downbouncekeys.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Base keys make a decaying sine wave &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline, and instead of floating steadily through the air, the ball will travel in a decaying sine wave pattern. This is an improvement, but we need to make the ball <strong>smack<\/strong> the ground hard!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adjust_base_tangents\"><\/span>Adjust base tangents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the Graph Editor, select the Translate Y curve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find the Break Tangents icon and apply to break all tangents on the Y curve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On all base keys, find the Linear Tangents icon and apply to create sharp points downward.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On all apex keys, find the Flat Tangents icon and apply to keep these rounded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline. The ball smacks the ground now but these aren&#8217;t crisp, parabolic curves yet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1781\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/17breaktangents\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"17breaktangents\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/17breaktangents.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Break base tangents &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Refine_timing\"><\/span>Refine timing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the Graph Editor, notice the spacing of apex keys needs some tweaking. Even though we set midpoints before, the tangent adjustments reveal the apices are off by a frame or two.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limit motion to the X direction so height does not change by using the <strong>Constrain Movement<\/strong> icon, the fourth icon from the end. Notice this will toggle between no constraint, constraining to X, or constraining to Y. Set for constraining X.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tweak each apex key until it visually centers between base keys in the X axis direction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Make curves look like parabolas by:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, stretching apex handles slightly in the X axis direction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, rotating base handles up until they are slightly higher (that is, slightly on the convex side) than the curve. That is, the handles should appear slightly on the convex side of the curve, and not on the underside in the concave portion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline to see the basic Y motion is solved!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1782\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/18createfirstparabola\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"18createfirstparabola\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/18createfirstparabola.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Adjusting apices to midpoints and creating first parabola &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1783\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/19createnextparabola\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"19createnextparabola\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/19createnextparabola.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Creating next &#8220;parabola&#8221; &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1784\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/20finishedparabolas\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20finishedparabolas\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/20finishedparabolas.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Finished &#8220;parabolas&#8221; &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1785\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/21totalgraphxandytranslate\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"21totalgraphxandytranslate\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/21totalgraphxandytranslate.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Finished state of all curves &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Solve_squash_stretch_scale_rotate\"><\/span>Solve squash &amp; stretch: scale &amp; rotate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You&#8217;ll need to create a squash &amp; stretch at each base. Here, we will illustrate the one at the first base frame. In the sample, we find that at Frame 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Create_squash\"><\/span>Create squash<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At the first base key, select ball01 and use the Channel Box to enter new Scale X, Y, and Z values. These seem small but they are actually exaggerations of how most balls deform when bouncing. In the sample these values are:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Scale Y = 0.8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scale X and Scale Z = 1.2 for a uniform horizontal scale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When done, set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, set Translate Y = 0.8 to it back on the ground and set key again.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"1787\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/22scalefirstsquash\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1575,975\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"22scalefirstsquash\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash-1024x634.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash-1024x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1787\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/22scalefirstsquash.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>First squash &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline. The squash looks great, but notice that it starts to happen, <em>impossibly<\/em>,&nbsp;<strong>before<\/strong>&nbsp;the contact, and then stays constant for the remainder of the path. We need to isolate the squash!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Isolate_squash_and_create_stretch\"><\/span>Isolate squash and create stretch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At one frame after the base key frame, set the scales so that we see the reaction to the squash. The values should almost reverse the values of the squash, but reduce them slightly. In the sample, at <strong>Frame 26<\/strong>, we set <strong>Scale Y = 1.1<\/strong>, and <strong>Scale X<\/strong> and <strong>Scale Z = 0.9<\/strong> for uniform horizontal scale. Set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Return the normal scale at the apex, so at the apex key after this base key (<strong>Frame 37<\/strong> in the sample), reset all scales to 1 and set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By this stage, there are lots of errant keys on other graphs, so in the Graph Editor:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eliminate all errant keys on <strong>Translate   X<\/strong>, <strong>Y<\/strong>, and&nbsp;<strong>Z<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eliminate all errant keys on <strong>Rotate X<\/strong>, <strong>Y<\/strong>, and&nbsp;<strong>Z<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep all the <strong>Scale X<\/strong>, <strong>Y<\/strong>, and  <strong>Z<\/strong>  keys!&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Run the timeline. The squash and stretch look pretty good at the first bounce, but notice the orientation of the stretch. We must rotate it to follow the path of motion! This seems nearly impossible, but there is a tool that can help.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"1788\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1575,975\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"23keytoisolatesquashbefore\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore-1024x634.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore-1024x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/23keytoisolatesquashbefore.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Isolate squash before base &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"634\" data-attachment-id=\"1789\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/24keytocreatestretchafter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1575,975\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"24keytocreatestretchafter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter-1024x634.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter-1024x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter-1024x634.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter-1536x951.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/24keytocreatestretchafter.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Create stretch after base &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orient_stretch_to_Motion_Trail\"><\/span>Orient stretch to Motion Trail<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the Animation menu set, select <strong>Animation&gt;Visualize&gt;Create Editable Motion Trail<\/strong>\u2014but do not edit with it. We simply use it as a rotation reference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At one frame after the base key (<strong>Frame 26<\/strong> in the sample), rotate <strong>ball01<\/strong> about the Z axis to align the axis of the stretch with the motion trail, and set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the base key (<strong>Frame 25<\/strong>  in the sample), return rotation to 0 and set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The motion trail &#8220;breaks&#8221; because of errant keys. Open Graph Editor and clean up, especially on the <strong>Translate X<\/strong> and <strong>Y<\/strong> graphs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Run timeline to see the fully complete and correct squash and stretch for the first base key!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1792\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/26cleanupkeysbefore\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"26cleanupkeysbefore\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1792\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/26cleanupkeysbefore.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rotate keys to clean up &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1793\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/27cleanupkeysafter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"27cleanupkeysafter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/27cleanupkeysafter.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>After cleanup &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Repeat_for_all_bounces\"><\/span>Repeat for all bounces<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Repeat the procedure for creating the squash and stretch for the remaining bounces\u2014at least the ones that can handle reasonably meaningful deformation. In the sample, we squash and stretch at the next three bounces, with the final bounces left without deformation. We also decay the intensity of the deformation accordingly, using these figures:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At Frame 50, Scale Y = 0.8, Scale X and Z = 1.2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At Frame&nbsp;68,&nbsp;Scale&nbsp;Y = 0.9, Scale X and Z = 1.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At Frame&nbsp;80, Scale&nbsp;Y = 0.95, Scale X and Z = 1.05<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frames 89, 95 and 99 receive no deformation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watch for errant keys and clean as you go<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" data-attachment-id=\"1795\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/28repeatforfourbounces\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1140,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"28repeatforfourbounces\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces-1024x499.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces-1024x499.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28repeatforfourbounces.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Repeat squash and stretch &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>When done with the final deformation, run the timeline and witness your solved squash and stretch!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Refinements_for_a_professional_playblast\"><\/span>Refinements for a professional playblast<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The ball drop is essentially complete, but to take it to the next level we can add these refinements. These are the small things that separate the excellent from the competent!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arc_in_horizontal_trajectory\"><\/span>Arc in horizontal trajectory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Make a small wiggle in the Z axis at its end for a more natural follow through.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set key about one third of the way in to the timeline. In the sample, we set a key at&nbsp;<strong>Frame 50<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select the next-to-last frame (<strong>Frame 140<\/strong> in the sample), and in the Channel Box change the value of <strong>Translate Z = 2<\/strong>, then set a key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repeat this action in the final frame (<strong>Frame 150<\/strong> in the sample).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clean any errant frames and run the timeline to view.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Staging\"><\/span>Staging<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Resize the floor to make a convincing ground plane. In the sample, we increased it to 48 wide by 48 deep.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create a dramatic point of view and composition using the <strong>Camera and Aim<\/strong> for better control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add a simple <strong>Lambert<\/strong> color scheme as a <strong>New Material<\/strong>. In the sample, we used a Lambert Red and Lambert Green, both desaturated and brightness reduced, each by around 50%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>Camera Attributes<\/strong>, the <strong>Environment<\/strong> color parameter was set to a mid-saturation, mid-value color. In the sample, cyan was used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" data-attachment-id=\"1796\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1653,988\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"28bcreatecamera-and-aim\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim-1024x612.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim-1024x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim-1024x612.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim-1536x918.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/28bcreatecamera-and-aim.jpg 1653w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Create Camera and Aim &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Playblast_away\"><\/span>Playblast away<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Turn off <strong>Heads-Up Display<\/strong> items in <strong>Display<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hide the<strong>  Camera Target<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>Display&gt;Hide Selection<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>Render Settings Preferences<\/strong>, set up with a <strong>Preset<\/strong> of&nbsp;<strong>HD 1080<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"444\" height=\"779\" data-attachment-id=\"1798\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/29rendersettings\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"444,779\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"29rendersettings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings.jpg 444w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings-171x300.jpg 171w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/29rendersettings-300x526.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Render settings &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>From the <strong>Windows<\/strong> menu, find and open the <strong>Playblast<\/strong> dialog box:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Uncheck all the check boxes (<strong>Show ornaments<\/strong> especially).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set <strong>Display size<\/strong> dropout to <strong>From Render Settings<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/30playblastsettings.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"535\" height=\"494\" data-attachment-id=\"1799\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/30playblastsettings\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/30playblastsettings.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"535,494\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"30playblastsettings\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/30playblastsettings.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/30playblastsettings.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/30playblastsettings.jpg 535w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/30playblastsettings-300x277.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Playblast dialog &#8211; click to enlarge<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>When you are satisfied with your playblast, upload to your YouTube or Vimeo account and post to your blog. You&#8217;ll have a lot to write about for your experience with animation! <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3D modeling 2 | essentials ball drop Download demo file here That&#8217;s the way the ball bounces We&#8217;ll use a classic animation exercise to get a confident start in Maya&#8230; the bouncing ball. You will learn the basic software workflow and understand how to model timing using reference videos. Conclude by creating a playblast, a&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3d-modeling","category-exercises"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ball drop - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ball drop: the &quot;hello world&quot; project of animation is used to learn how to integrate principles of animation with the workflow in Maya.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/ball-drop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ball drop - 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