{"id":1614,"date":"2023-08-02T10:37:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T10:37:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/?p=1614"},"modified":"2024-07-29T13:51:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T13:51:42","slug":"3d-modeling-paralleluniverses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/","title":{"rendered":"3D modeling: parallelUniverses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><br><br><em>Back to&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"547\" data-attachment-id=\"134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/essentials\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"563,547\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"essentials\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-134\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg 563w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials-300x291.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/\">1 | essentials<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/elements\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"453\" data-attachment-id=\"135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/elements\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png\" data-orig-size=\"453,453\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"elements\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-135\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png 453w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/elements\/\">2 | elements<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"375\" data-attachment-id=\"136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/environments\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,375\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"environments\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-136\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg 375w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\">3 | environments<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/entities\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"284\" height=\"284\" data-attachment-id=\"137\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/entities\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"284,284\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"entities\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-137\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg 284w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/entities\/\">4 | entities<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/div>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0f81a79108\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f0f81a79108\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/#Toward_a_Philosophy_of_Modeling\" >Toward a Philosophy of Modeling<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/#Readings_for_1_Essentials\" >Readings for 1 | Essentials<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/#Readings_for_2_Elements\" >Readings for 2 | Elements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/#Readings_for_3_Environments\" >Readings for 3 | Environments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/#Readings_for_4_Entities\" >Readings for 4 | Entities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"694\" height=\"694\" data-attachment-id=\"30\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/paralleluniverses_01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" data-orig-size=\"694,694\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"parallelUniverses_01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01.png 694w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/parallelUniverses_01-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Toward_a_Philosophy_of_Modeling\"><\/span>Toward a Philosophy of Modeling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>parallelUniverses<\/strong> is a compendium of the foundational framework in which today\u2019s practitioner of 3D modeling and fabrication operates, enhancing&nbsp;<em>know-how<\/em>&nbsp;knowledge typically found in software tutorials with a&nbsp;<em>know-why<\/em>&nbsp;reference source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Readings_for_1_Essentials\"><\/span>Readings for 1 | Essentials<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"547\" data-attachment-id=\"134\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/essentials\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"563,547\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"essentials\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-134\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials.jpg 563w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/essentials-300x291.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/essentials\/\">1 | essentials<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Read the following in <strong>parallelUniverses<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/part-i-modeling-before-and-after-the-computer\/\">PART I \u2014 Before and After the Computer<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-1-the-history-of-modeling\/\">CHAPTER 1 \u2014 The History of Modeling<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-2-concepts-of-modeling\/\">CHAPTER 2 \u2014 Concepts of Modeling<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-3-the-future-of-modeling\/\">CHAPTER 3 \u2014 The Future of Modeling<br><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/part-ii-viewport-visual-design\/\">PART II \u2014 Viewport Visual Design<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-4-visual-elements-i-point-line-plane\/\">CHAPTER 4 \u2014 Visual Elements I: Point, Line, Plane<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-5-visual-elements-ii-volume\/\">CHAPTER 5 \u2014 Visual Elements II: Volume<br><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/part-iii-material-through-geometry\/\">PART III \u2014 Material Through Geometry<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-10-expressions-of-geometry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CHAPTER 10 \u2014 Expressions of Geometry<\/a><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/part-4-metaphors-to-making\/\">PART IIII \u2014 Metaphors to Making<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-13-metaphors-to-drawing\/\">CHAPTER 13 \u2014 Metaphors to Drawing<br><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/part-5-readme\/\">PART IIIII \u2014 readMe<\/a><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-18-a-hierarchy-of-modeling\/\">CHAPTER 18 \u2014 A Hierarchy of Modeling<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-19-managing-a-project\/\">CHAPTER 19 \u2014 Managing a Project<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background is-style-default\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional readings and media:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/93206523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Illusion of Life<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>by Cento Lodigiani<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A brief video that succinctly encapsulates the 12 principles of animation articulated by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnson, the &#8220;Old Men&#8221; of Disney animation. Lodigiani&#8217;s&nbsp;animations inspire the icons we use in the wiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/93206523?h=d496437eee\" width=\"640\" height=\"253\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The 12 Principles of Animation, Updated for the Modern Age<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>by Gene Turnbow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turnbow re-contextualizes these principles to serve digital animation. Headings are not anchored so search for the following. Read these two general headings first:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ever Wonder How All That Animation Gets Done?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The 12 Principles of Animation, Updated for the Modern Age<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Afterward, search for these 4 principles and read:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1620\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/exaggeration\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exaggeration.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"exaggeration\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exaggeration.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/exaggeration.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1620\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exaggeration<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1621\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/squash_stretch\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/squash_stretch.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"squash_stretch\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/squash_stretch.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/squash_stretch.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1621\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Squash and Stretch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1622\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/timing\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/timing.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"timing\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/timing.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/timing.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1622\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Timing<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1623\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/slow-in_slow-out\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/slow-in_slow-out.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"slow-in_slow-out\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/slow-in_slow-out.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/slow-in_slow-out.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1623\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Slow-In and Slow-Out<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This will be the longest reading assignment of the term if you are taking a studio at my school: about 4 hours of reading outside of studio time. So break it into chunks, don&#8217;t read it all at once! Create a reflection as you go piece by piece, don&#8217;t wait until the end. This will help you retain and recall the information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Readings_for_2_Elements\"><\/span>Readings for 2 | Elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/elements\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"453\" data-attachment-id=\"135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/elements\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png\" data-orig-size=\"453,453\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"elements\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-135\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements.png 453w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/elements-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/elements\/\">2 | elements<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Read the following in <strong>parallelUniverses<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PART II \u2014 Viewport Visual Design<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-7-optical-visual-elements\/\">CHAPTER 7 \u2014 Optical Visual Elements<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/newmediaabington.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/67298638\/CHAPTER%207%20%E2%80%94%20Optical%20Visual%20Elements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-7-optical-visual-elements\/#Light\">Light<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/newmediaabington.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/67298638\/CHAPTER%207%20%E2%80%94%20Optical%20Visual%20Elements#Light\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-7-optical-visual-elements\/#Color\">Color<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Save <strong>Texture<\/strong> for the next project<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-8-visual-principles\/\">CHAPTER 8 \u2014 Visual Principles<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-9-expression-form-content-and-narrative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CHAPTER 9 \u2014 Expression, form, content, and narrative<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-9-expression-form-content-and-narrative\/#Expression_ways_of_seeing\">Expression: ways of seeing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-9-expression-form-content-and-narrative\/#Form_Gestalt_3D\">Form: Gestalt 3D<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Save other sections for other projects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART III \u2014 Material Through Geometry<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-11-polys-and-subdivs-and-nurbs-oh-my\/\">CHAPTER 11 \u2014 Polys and Subdivs and NURBS, oh my\u2026<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART IIII \u2014 Metaphors to Making<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-14-metaphors-to-sculpture\/\">CHAPTER 14 \u2014 Metaphors to Sculpture&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-15-metaphors-to-photography\/\">CHAPTER 15 \u2014&nbsp;Metaphors to Photography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Altogether this is about 2 hours of reading outside of studio time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Readings_for_3_Environments\"><\/span>Readings for 3 | Environments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"375\" data-attachment-id=\"136\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/environments\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"375,375\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"environments\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-136\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments.jpg 375w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/environments-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/environments\/\">3 | environments<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Read the following in <strong>parallelUniverses<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PART II \u2014 Viewport Visual Design<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-7-optical-visual-elements\/\">CHAPTER 7 \u2014 Optical Visual Elements<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-7-optical-visual-elements\/#Texture\">Texture<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-9-expression-form-content-and-narrative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CHAPTER 9 \u2014 Expression, form, content, and narrative<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-9-expression-form-content-and-narrative\/#Content_visual_metaphor\">Content: visual metaphor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Save the rest for the next project<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART III \u2014 Material Through Geometry<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-12-expressions-of-material\/\">CHAPTER 12 \u2014 Expressions of Material<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART IIII \u2014 Metaphors to Making<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-16-metaphors-to-cinema\/\">CHAPTER 16 \u2014 Metaphors to Cinema<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional readings and media:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The 12 Principles of Animation, Updated for the Modern Age<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>by Gene Turnbow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turnbow re-contextualizes the principles to serve digital animation. Headings are not anchored so search for the following terms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1627\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/anticipation\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anticipation.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"anticipation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anticipation.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/anticipation.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1627\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anticipation<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1628\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/staging\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/staging.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"staging\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/staging.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/staging.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1628\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Staging<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1629\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/solid_drawing\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/solid_drawing.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"solid_drawing\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/solid_drawing.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/solid_drawing.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1629\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Solid Drawing<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1630\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/appeal\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/appeal.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"appeal\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/appeal.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/appeal.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1630\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Appeal<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Altogether this is about 2 hours of reading outside of studio time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Readings_for_4_Entities\"><\/span>Readings for 4 | Entities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/entities\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"284\" height=\"284\" data-attachment-id=\"137\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/nmw\/3d-modeling\/entities\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"284,284\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"entities\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-137\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\" srcset=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities.jpg 284w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/entities-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/entities\/\">4 | entities<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Read the following in <strong>parallelUniverses<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PART II \u2014 Viewport Visual Design<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-6-visual-elements-iii-kinematics\/\">CHAPTER 6 \u2014 Visual Elements III: Kinematics<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-9-expression-form-content-and-narrative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CHAPTER 9 \u2014 Expression, form, content, and narrative<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"Narrative: elements of storytelling\">Narrative: elements of storytelling<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART IIII \u2014 Metaphors to Making<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-17-metaphors-to-performance\/\">CHAPTER 17 \u2014 Metaphors to Performance<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART IIIII \u2014 readMe<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-20-beyond-modeling-presentation\/\">CHAPTER 20 \u2014 Beyond Modeling: Presentation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/chapter-21-d-i-y-and-digital-democratization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CHAPTER 21 \u2014 D.I.Y. and Digital Democratization<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-white-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-white-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Additional readings and media:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The 12 Principles of Animation, Updated for the Modern Age<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>by Gene Turnbow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turnbow re-contextualizes the principles to serve digital animation. Headings are not anchored so search for the following terms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1633\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/straight-ahead_pose-to-pose\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/straight-ahead_pose-to-pose.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"straight-ahead_pose-to-pose\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/straight-ahead_pose-to-pose.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/straight-ahead_pose-to-pose.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1633\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pose to pose<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1634\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/secondary_action\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/secondary_action.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"secondary_action\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/secondary_action.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/secondary_action.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1634\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Secondary action<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1635\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/arcs\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arcs.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"arcs\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arcs.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/arcs.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1635\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arcs<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" data-attachment-id=\"1636\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/follow-thru_overlapping\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/follow-thru_overlapping.gif\" data-orig-size=\"278,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"follow-thru_overlapping\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/follow-thru_overlapping.gif\" src=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/follow-thru_overlapping.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1636\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:120px;height:undefinedpx\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scifi.radio\/2017\/09\/07\/12-principles-animation-updated-modern-age\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Follow through<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Altogether this is about 1 hour of reading outside of studio time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Back to&#8230; 1 | essentials 2 | elements 3 | environments 4 | entities Toward a Philosophy of Modeling parallelUniverses is a compendium of the foundational framework in which today\u2019s practitioner of 3D modeling and fabrication operates, enhancing&nbsp;know-how&nbsp;knowledge typically found in software tutorials with a&nbsp;know-why&nbsp;reference source. Readings for 1 | Essentials 1 | essentials Read&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/\">read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3d-modeling","category-references"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3D modeling: parallelUniverses - newMediaWiki<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"3D modeling: parallelUniverses readings on principles, elements, and metaphors to making with a focus on modeling, rendering, and animation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/williamcromar.com\/newmediawiki\/3d-modeling-paralleluniverses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3D modeling: parallelUniverses - 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